[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

ACS sensors • 2026

Multifunctional DNA nanonets were used to design an ultrasensitive self-powered biosensor for tobramycin (TOB) detection based on a bimetallic metal-organic framework, i.e., Fe/Co-MIL-88(NH 2 ). In the bioanode, Fe/Co-MIL-88(NH 2 ) shows peroxidase-like activity toward H 2 O 2 catalysis and cascades with glucose oxidase to catalyze glucose oxidation. In the biocathode, carbon nanotubes decorated with gold nanoparticles (CNTs@AuNPs) are used to improve the conductivity. When TOB is present, DNA nanonets form double-stranded structures to adsorb [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ , amplifying the signal and generating a high open-circuit voltage ( E OCV ). Moreover, a capacitor is used to amplify the instantaneous current by storing charges from enzyme biofuel cells. A smartphone allows real-time readout of the test's instantaneous current via Bluetooth technology. The self-powered biosensor exhibits ultrasensitive TOB detection with a limit of detection of 0.41 fM in the range of 1.0-10 7 fM and possesses excellent selectivity, good stability, high reproducibility, and outstanding applicability to monitor TOB in actual samples.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Managerial Finance • 2026

Purpose To investigate the relationship between corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and trade credit, with a particular focus on the moderating role of institutional variables. Design/methodology/approach An empirical analysis was conducted using a comprehensive panel dataset of European listed firms included in the STOXX 600 Index from 2015 to 2022. The research employs panel regression techniques, with an ordinary least squares estimation with robust standard error and the application of the Heckman two-stage test to address the possible issue of sample selection bias. Findings Higher ESG performance improves trade credit use by fostering supplier trust and reducing information asymmetry. Crucially, this relationship is moderated by the institutional environment. Firms operating in countries with a less efficient legal system and/or higher corruption rely more heavily on their ESG performance to secure trade credit, indicating a compensatory effect. Practical implications Financial managers in countries with weak institutional frameworks should prioritise their ESG performance, as it serves as a high-impact signal for accessing trade credit. For policymakers, the results stress the importance of integrating sustainability indicators and institutional reforms into policies that promote access to trade credit. Originality/value This article offers novel evidence by highlighting the dual role of ESG performance as both a general signal of creditworthiness and a compensatory mechanism in institutional contexts characterised by weak rule of law and high corruption. It extends the trade credit literature by integrating firm-level ESG factors with country-level institutional quality.

[object Object]

Comparative Reflections in Private Law • 2026

Abstract The chapter examines how the protection of contractual performance and the role of reasonableness in the context of remedies have evolved in England and France over recent decades. While reasonableness remains central in the English law of remedies, over time greater protection has been afforded to contractual performance. In particular, there has been a notable trend towards recognizing that the promisee has an ‘interest in obtaining performance’ that is worthy of protection. However, the corresponding interest of the promisor in ‘rendering performance’ has rarely received attention and remains an underdeveloped concept. In France the commitment to performance remains strong, but reasonableness now plays a more prominent role in remedies law. Reasonableness, and the closely related concept of proportionality, were introduced to the provisions on remedies by the 2016 reforms of the contract law section of the Civil Code as limiting mechanisms to achieve greater balance between the competing interests of the parties. While these changes have brought about a rapprochement between English and French law, the contrast between them remains significant. The chapter observes that this is mainly due to the fact that the mitigation principle still plays a central role in English law, whereas it has no place in French law.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Materials Science Forum • 2026

CO 2 emissions from cement production have significantly increased, leading to the search for alternative materials that optimize the process and reduce environmental impact. In this context, the present study investigates the use of microsilica (MS) and fan shell powder (PCA) as cement replacements. Material characterization tests were conducted, and six mix designs were made, including 5% PCA and 10% MS replacements individually, as well as combinations of 10% MS with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% PCA. Additionally, compression strength properties were analyzed at 3, 7, and 28 days, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The findings regarding mechanical strength were favorable, except for the mix with 10% MS and 10% PCA, which indicates the maximum substitution percentage. Furthermore, a CO 2 emission analysis was conducted according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, achieving a reduction of up to 11.16% compared to the control concrete. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the combination of 10% MS and 5% PCA is the optimal replacement, improving compressive strength by 6.99% and flexural strength by 1.33%, while reducing CO 2 emissions by 10.44%.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Emotional Regulation at Work • 2026

Abstract In this chapter, we address the widely reported underperformance of Mergers and Acquisitions (M A), often linked to “merger syndrome,” in which individuals face behavioral and performance challenges. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms driving these within-person changes remain poorly understood. Adopting a managerial and organizational cognition perspective, we examine how goals, emotions, self-regulation, psychological capital (PsyCap), and emotional memories interact to shape individual behavior during organizational change. Drawing on over 20 interviews across a financial services firm that underwent two consecutive mergers, from senior leadership to frontline staff, we explore how people recall the merger experience and how those memories shape their outlook. Our analysis focuses on shifts in self-regulatory (SR) processes during the transition. We propose that behavioral and performance variations stem from increased affective-cognitive load that depletes self-regulatory resources (SRR). Factors such as shifting goals and PsyCap (hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience) influence SRR depletion and use while autobiographical emotional memories (AEMs) further shape goal orientation and PsyCap. We present a process model linking these elements, supported by initial qualitative evidence. Based on this model, we suggest managerial interventions aimed at positively shaping AEMs, reducing resource depletion, and enhancing PsyCap. By targeting these within-person dynamics, organizations can better support employees and increase the likelihood of successful post-merger integration (PMI).

[object Object], [object Object]

Performance Enablement • 2026

Abstract This chapter is grounded in the critical question, “What is the purpose of performance management?” The purpose of PM today is primarily to facilitate reward distribution as part of an organization’s pay-for-performance philosophy. This purpose remains at the center of this practice, despite little research to support it. An organization design lens suggests PM should be a part of an organization’s management control processes, helping to steer the organization toward its desired goals. The authors argue PM should adopt a more enabling approach to control instead of a more coercive approach, relying more on social, psychological, and cultural mechanisms to influence employee behavior, versus evaluations, differentiation, and pay for performance.

[object Object]

Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences • 2026

The construction sector is under increasing pressure to enhance project performance, particularly through strengthening project manager competencies (PMC). Although the importance of managerial competencies has been widely acknowledged, limited research has examined how PMC influence project performance (PP) through underlying organizational mechanisms. This study addresses this gap by investigating the direct effect of PMC on PP and the mediating roles of team performance (TP) and stakeholder engagement (SE). A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 288 project team members in Pakistan’s construction sector. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that PMC have a significant positive effect on PP. Furthermore, TP and SE significantly mediate this relationship, highlighting the critical role of effective team dynamics and proactive stakeholder involvement in translating managerial competencies into improved project outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by integrating the Resource-Based View and stakeholder theory to explain the mechanisms linking managerial competencies to project performance. The findings provide practical implications for construction firms and policymakers by emphasizing the strategic importance of developing managerial competencies, strengthening team collaboration, and enhancing stakeholder engagement across the project lifecycle. Keywords: Project manager competencies; Project performance; Team performance; Stakeholder engagement; Resource-Based View; Stakeholder theory; Construction industry.

[object Object], [object Object]

Performance Enablement • 2026

Abstract This chapter shares the research on the effectiveness of goal-setting, what has gone wrong with goal-setting in organizations today, and how to create enabling goal-setting practices. Setting goals for employees and teams is a fundamental part of Performance Enablement. Goals provide direction, context, purpose, and meaning for employees and help connect their work to the goals of the organization, reducing the need for micromanagement and other coercive control mechanisms. Many companies fail to align individual goals with organizational objectives, emphasize individual goals at the expense of team collaboration, focus too much on metrics and accountability, and set rigid goals that quickly become outdated. This chapter shares agile approaches to goal-setting, such as OKRs and FAST, that promote adaptability, transparency, and frequent feedback, ensuring that goals remain relevant and drive meaningful outcomes. A case study sharing the value of the OKR process is provided.

[object Object]

Education Quarterly Reviews • 2026

Higher education systems worldwide face intensifying pressures for accountability, quality, and effective governance amid continual reform. This article presents a comprehensive integrative analysis framing leadership as a governance mechanism in higher education, synthesizing insights from three prior studies on distributed leadership, contextual leadership challenges, and quality assurance. Drawing on findings that distributed leadership fosters trust and collective efficacy, that higher education leaders navigate complex challenges (e.g. bureaucratic constraints, political interference, resource limitations) especially in developing contexts, and that leadership is pivotal in implementing quality assurance for improved institutional performance, this article proposes a unifying conceptual framework. In this framework, leadership fulfills key governance functions – coordinating institutional efforts, translating accountability demands into improvement-oriented practices, and building trust – which collectively enhance institutional outcomes. The analysis is grounded in contemporary higher education governance debates and offers a model whereby leadership (encompassing both formal and distributed forms) links governance processes to educational quality and performance. By reframing leadership through a governance lens, this article contributes a novel theoretical integration and practical insights for higher education leaders and policymakers striving to improve institutional governance and outcomes.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Environmental science and pollution research international • 2026

The role of redox mediators in improving electron transport from electrochemically active bacteria to the anode is crucial for enhanced bioelectricity output from microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which makes the selection of an ideal mediator very important. This study aims at exploring a new redox mediator niacin (vit B3) for enhanced bioelectricity generation in MFC while treating distillery wastewater through facile modification of anode electrode by niacin doping (MFC-NME) and simple application of niacin to the anolyte (MFC-NAA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of NME confirmed the effective adsorption of niacin onto the carbon felt surface. Notably, MFC-NME exhibited a significantly higher power density (PD) of 6.36 W/m 3 compared to MFC-NAA (4.59 W/m 3 ) and control MFC (3.49W/m 3 ). The charge transfer resistance (R CT ) in MFC-NME (1.73 Ω) and MFC-NAA (2.06 Ω) were lowered by more than half than that in control MFC (4.33 Ω), which underscores the efficacy of niacin as a redox mediator. SEM analysis revealed improved bacterial attachment over the bioanode in the MFC-NME as compared to that of MFC-NAA and control MFC. Removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was higher in MFC-NAA (85%) and MFC-NME (80%) than in control MFC (73%) suggesting that niacin in the anolyte supported greater organic matter removal due to enriched microbial activity. Niacin used in anode modification shows great potential for improved electron transfer and enhanced bioelectricity production and supports greater wastewater treatment performance. The modified bioanode NME exhibits excellent stability.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering • 2025

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been proven to be a green technology for solving energy crises, but their low power density limits their large-scale practical applications. In this paper, a three-dimensional porous composite hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol/polypyrrole (PVA/PPy) with good biocompatibility was prepared by temperature-field regulation via alternating cycles between low temperature (- 20 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) and used as the anode in MFC. The three-dimensional network structure of PPy nanospheres compressed by ice crystal stress exhibited excellent charge conduction capability and ion transport performance, which significantly improved the interfacial charge transfer efficiency of PVA/PPy-5 bioanode. Besides, the addition of PVA endowed the hydrogel with mechanical properties to resist the external forces. As the results, the maximum power density of PVA/PPy-5 MFC was 1521.04 mW/m 2 , which was 1.76, 2.16 and 8.32 times higher than that of PVA/PPy-0, PPy-5 and carbon felt MFCs, respectively. Such enhancement could be attributed to the combined effects of three factors, including the FT process, biocompatibility of PVA, and bioelectrocatalytic activity of polypyrrole. The high-throughput sequencing technology revealed that the PVA/PPy-5 hydrogel anode, which facilitated the selective enrichment of electrogenic microbes, played a crucial role on the regulation of functional biofilm. This work provides a new approach for developing high-performance electrodes for MFC.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Analytica chimica acta • 2025

Early detection of Fusarium sacchari, the causative agent of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease, is critically hindered by the insufficient sensitivity of existing detection methods. This limited sensitivity leads to diagnostic delays, thereby complicating timely disease management and control in sugarcane cultivation. Early and accurate detection is essential to preventing the spread of the disease and minimizing crop loss, thus highlighting the urgent need for innovative diagnostic solutions. These solutions must overcome the limitations of traditional methods, offering more sensitive, reliable, and efficient approaches for early intervention and disease prevention in agricultural practices.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biosensors • 2025

We have developed a new bioanode based on a cascade of reactions catalyzed by two enzymes. A glassy carbon electrode is modified with β-glucosidase and glucose oxidase enzymes entrapped within an osmium redox polymer. Cellobiose, the fuel for the anode, is hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase ( Tx GH116), yielding two molecules of D-glucose. Glucose is then oxidized by glucose oxidase (GOx) into δ-gluconolactone and produces electrons that are transferred to the electrode mediated by osmium redox polymer. We investigated the kinetic parameters of both enzymes at different temperatures. For GOx, the effect of enzyme loading and enzyme/polymer ratio were also optimized. The proposed bioanode is coupled to a biocathode based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in which H 2 O 2 , the oxidant, is reduced. We investigated the performance of the biofuel cell on cellobiose and sugarcane hydrolysates subjected to different pretreatments. Alkaline pretreatments of biomass were found to be more effective than phosphoric acid pretreatment. Adding Tx GH116 β-glucosidase further enhanced current generation, even when commercial cellulase was used.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Soft Matter • 2026

Foam cleaning represents an environmentally and economically attractive alternative to conventional cleaning-in-place (CIP) processes for removing microbial contamination in food and bioprocessing industries. This study systematically compared three surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Ammonyx® LO, and Capstone® FS-30, to understand how surfactant type influences foam structure and cleaning performance. Stainless steel coupons contaminated with Bacillus subtilis 98/7 spores were cleaned under identical flow conditions using foam generated at a nominal air fraction of 0.5 and a mean velocity of 1.8 cm s -1 . SDS achieved the highest spore removal (1.9 log 10 reduction after 20 min), with superior kinetic detachment (K 1 = 114.75 s -1 ; f = 98.2%), while Ammonyx® LO (0.83 log 10 ) and Capstone® FS-30 (0.55 log 10 ) performed significantly worse. These differences were attributed to foam structural properties: SDS produced fine, stable bubbles persisting for 24 h, while Ammonyx® LO and Capstone® FS-30 collapsed after 8 and 3 h, respectively. Image analysis revealed local air fractions of 0.88 (SDS), 0.79 (Ammonyx), and 0.96 (Capstone) in the test section, confirming dry foam behavior. Theoretical analysis using Bretherton’s model and microscopic observations showed that SDS’s low capillary number promotes strong Marangoni stabilization and thin lamellae, generating sustained wall shear stress fluctuations essential for spore detachment. This study demonstrates that foam cleaning efficiency is primarily determined by surfactant-controlled variations in bubble size, foam stability, and interfacial properties. SDS provides the optimal balance for achieving efficient and sustainable foam-based cleaning.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Polymers • 2026

Hydrogels have attracted significant interest in multifunctional applications. Among them, self-healing hydrogel stands out for its ability to autonomously repair damage through reversible interactions, yet achieving both rapid self-healing and superior mechanical strength remains challenging. In this study, we report the fabrication of a dual cross-linked hydrogel (PAA-Alg-B) prepared via free radical polymerization of acrylic acid and alginic acid, employing N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, or vinyl-modified nanocellulose as primary cross-linker, with Fe3+ or borax serving as an additional dynamic cross-linker. The resulting borax based hydrogel (PAA-Alg-B) exhibits remarkable fast self-healing efficiency enabled by reversible borate ester bonds and hydrogen bonding. It demonstrates tunable mechanical strength with toughness of 137 kJ/m3 and elongation at break up to 1117%, alongside exceptional swelling capacity (448 g/g). The adsorption studies reveal high removal efficiencies for heavy metals, with maximum capacities of 87.57 mg/g (Cr3+), 114.02 mg/g (Ni2+), and 99.42 mg/g (Cu2+), governed by chemisorption kinetics. The PAA-Alg-B can also be used as a promising solid-state electrolyte and separator for flexible supercapacitors. Protonic modulation via H2SO4 soaking significantly enhances ionic conductivity, electrochemical performance, and cycling stability. These findings highlight the potential of natural polymer-based, mechanically robust, self-healing hydrogels for sustainable wastewater treatment and advanced energy storage applications.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of hazardous materials • 2026

The widespread coexistence of veterinary antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater constitutes a significant environmental hazard, severely inhibiting anaerobic digestion (AD) by disrupting microbial metabolism and electron transfer pathways. This study focuses on the realistic co-occurrence effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), revealing that their interaction exhibits distinct antagonistic characteristics. To mitigate this complex inhibition, a zero-valent iron-modified biochar (ZVI-BC) was prepared via facile high-energy ball milling. This mechanochemical modification caused the micropore volume ratio to surge from 6.7 % to 52.5 %, creating a multifunctional material capable of alleviating antibiotic shock through enhanced adsorption and pH buffering. Experimental results indicated that the coexistence of OTC and SMX markedly destabilized AD, leading to a 54.50 % reduction in COD removal and severe acidification. However, the addition of ZVI-BC (optimal dosage 10 g·L -1 ) effectively mitigated this toxic stress, enabling the system to operate stably for 32 days with a cumulative methane yield of 2571 mL. Mechanistic analyses revealed that ZVI-BC functioned through synergistic pathways: reducing antibiotic bioavailability via microporous adsorption and facilitating interspecies electron transfer (IET) via zero-valent iron. Crucially, FAPROTAX prediction provided novel metabolic insights, confirming that ZVI-BC successfully maintained the acetoclastic methanogenesis pathway and restructured the microbial community toward increased resilience (e.g., enrichment of Methanothrix). These results demonstrate that ball-milled ZVI-BC is a cost-effective strategy for safeguarding anaerobic digestion systems against combined antibiotic stress.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Water research • 2026

Sulfur-driven partial denitrification coupled with anammox (SPDA) process is a promising sustainable nitrogen removal pathway. However, its microbial adaptability and metabolic mechanism under long-term organic-rich conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, a single-stage mixotrophic partial denitrification-anammox (MPDA) system, driven by both thiosulfate and organic carbon from real domestic wastewater, was established and operated for 292 days. The system demonstrated excellent and robust performance, achieving average ammonia and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 93.3% and 90.9%, respectively, despite fluctuating organic loading rates (0.35-0.45 kg COD/m³/d). 15 N isotopic tracing revealed that the PDA processes driven by thiosulfate and organic carbon contributed 51.3% and 27.7% of nitrogen removal, respectively. DNA-SIP experiments identified key facultative mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (e.g., Thiobacillus and norank_f_Hydrogenophilaceae) as primary contributors to nitrite supply. Notably, the core anammox bacteria, Candidatus Brocadia, exhibited a positive correlation with organic load and was actively labeled by organic 13 C-carbon, suggesting previously overlooked organoautotrophic activity. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Thiobacillaceae employed the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation and possessed a complete pentose phosphate pathway, while Brocadiaceae utilized the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway alongside a near-complete TCA cycle and robust glycogen metabolism to support their mixotrophic capabilities. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic plasticity and synergistic interactions between SOB and anammox bacteria, demonstrating the feasibility and mechanism of the MPDA process for efficient nitrogen removal in organic-laden wastewater.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemosphere • 2026

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants and is frequently detected in wastewater, while its removal under anaerobic conditions remains limited and unstable. This study evaluated the independent and combined effects of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) and controlled microaeration on LAS biodegradation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Two reactors treating synthetic wastewater containing 15 mg L -1 LAS were operated for 90 days: R1, a strictly anaerobic UASB, and R2, a micro-aerated UASB. Each reactor was assessed without (Period I) and with AQS addition (50 μM, Period II). Under strictly anaerobic conditions without AQS, LAS removal was low and highly unstable (32 ± 16%), with pronounced performance fluctuations. The addition of AQS alone significantly improved LAS removal to 65 ± 4% without affecting methane production, indicating enhanced LAS transformation via electron shuttling rather than changes in methanogenic activity. Microaeration combined with AQS yielded the best overall performance, increasing LAS removal to 77 ± 1%, COD removal to 92.3 ± 3.8%, total methane production to 5.6 ± 0.7 L/day, and specific methane yield to 0.50 ± 0.11 LCH 4 ·gCOD app -1 . Microaeration without AQS improved process stability but did not achieve LAS removal comparable to AQS. Microbial analyses showed that AQS promoted the enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, particularly Methanobacterium, and syntrophic taxa such as midas_g_2229, while microaeration increased microbial richness. The combined condition exhibited the highest archaeal enrichment and microbial richness. Results demonstrate that AQS and microaeration act through complementary mechanisms, and that their combination effectively overcomes limitations of anaerobic LAS removal.

[object Object], [object Object]

Frontiers in microbiology • 2026

Hexamine and its by-products (formaldehyde and ammonia) are classified as organic pollutants. Formaldehyde has antibacterial properties, while increased ammonia levels contribute to eutrophication, both of which disrupts microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems. Hexamine is considered a common pollutant released from various industries.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of environmental management • 2026

Bioretention systems are commonly employed in urban stormwater runoff treatments because of the synergistic effects of plants, fillers, and microorganisms. Conventional bioretention systems often face challenges posed by stringent plant requirements and the risk of media failure. Therefore, this study selected drought and flood-tolerant Chlorophytum comosum 'Green' (spider plant) and porous oyster shells fillers to establish modified bioretention systems. The systems operated continuously for 197 days to investigate their comprehensive performance under varying pollutant loads. Results indicated that the C. comosum-oyster shell system (with 20% oyster shell particles) exhibited significantly higher permeability coefficients and retention rates than the systems without plants or oyster shells (p < 0.05). During the low-load influent stage, the system achieved removal rates exceeding 90% for ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), and total nitrogen (TN). Furthermore, its chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performance excelled that of conventional bioretention systems under all influent loading conditions. A significant positive correlation was observed between the total biomass of C. comosum and the nitrogen removal efficiency of the system (p < 0.05). The synergistic effect of plants and oyster shells notably increased the relative abundance of functional microbial communities involved in nitrogen and phosphorus transformation, including Nitrospira, Thauera, and Bacillus. Taken together, the combined application of C. comosum and oyster shell fillers can simultaneously enhance the hydraulic characteristics and pollutant removal performance of bioretention systems, providing new insights into urban runoff pollution control and sustainable water resource management.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of environmental management • 2026

Recalcitrant chemical accident wastewater, especially nitrobenzene-containing wastewater, has posed a significant treatment challenge due to complex hazardous compounds as well as elevated toxicity. Activated carbon combined activated sludge processes can effectively remove hazardous organic pollutants from chemical wastewater. However, the interaction mechanism between activated carbon and activated sludge remains unclear. This study proposed the activated carbon enhanced activated sludge (ACEAS) process for treating nitrobenzene-containing wastewater. Combined with material characterization and metagenomic analysis, the removal efficiency of nitrobenzene was evaluated, and the interaction mechanisms between activated carbon and activated sludge was further investigated. The key findings include: The effluent nitrobenzene concentration in conventional activated sludge (AS) process was 6.5 and 9.2 times higher than in the original ACEAS (OS) and regenerated ACEAS (RS) processes, respectively. Without activated carbon replenishment, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in OS and RS processes increased by 10.19%-15.86% and 11.41%-14.60%, respectively, compared to AS process during long-term operation (6-24 h). Due to the formation of biofilms on the surface of activated carbon, and the content of C-O/C=O and C-N/C=N on OS increased by 13.2% and 17.3%, respectively, compared to original activated carbon (OC). Eventually, four enhanced mechanisms of activated carbon were proposed, each contributing to distinct degradation stages in the ACEAS system. In prophase, activated carbon might reduce toxicity and improve microbial degradation capacity by adsorption. During metaphase, biofilms on activated carbon surface further diminished adsorption/desorption effect. In the telophase, microbial carrier's fixation affected strengthens, reshaping microbial community structure, functional gene expression, and metabolic pathway selection, thereby enhancing activated sludge degradation efficiency.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Kybernetes • 2026

Purpose This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) assistance, likened to a modern “Solon’s Compass” – a metaphor inspired by Solon, the Athenian lawgiver known for wise and equitable reforms, symbolizing AI’sguidance toward precise, efficient and ethically aware decisions – impacts decision-making in complex commercial disputes, focusing on accuracy, efficiency and perceived ethical quality. It addresses gaps in understanding AI’srole in enhancing these dimensions through three pre-registered randomized experiments. Design/methodology/approach Three pre-registered randomized experiments were conducted. Study 1 involved university students resolving contract disputes with and without AI assistance. Study 2 used a diverse sample from Amazon Mechanical Turk to assess decision times and accuracy. Study 3 examined the cognitive mechanisms, including cognitive load, trust in AI and ethical decision-making. Findings The results reveal that AI assistance improves decision-making speed and increases perceived ethical quality, such as fairness and transparency, based on self-assessments. Participants with AI support reported higher perceptions of accuracy and perceived improvements in fairness, potentially influenced by their assumptions about AI’scapabilities, compared to those without assistance, highlighting AI’spotential to influence self-reported decision quality in ethically and legally complex scenarios. Originality/value This research contributes to the underexplored area of AI’srole in complex, ethically sensitive decision-making processes. By focusing on commercial disputes, it provides new insights into AI’spotential to improve efficiency and increases self-assessment about ethical aspects.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Sage Sphere International Journal • 2026

El presente estudio analiza comparativamente la eficiencia del Juicio de Amparo en México y la Acción de Protección en Ecuador como mecanismos de tutela judicial de derechos fundamentales en grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad, desde la perspectiva del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. La investigación se enmarca en un enfoque cualitativo jurídico-dogmático, apoyado en el método comparado y el análisis jurisprudencial de decisiones constitucionales emblemáticas y precedentes interamericanos relevantes. Se evaluaron criterios como accesibilidad procesal, alcance de las decisiones, aplicación del control de convencionalidad y enfoque de igualdad material. Los resultados evidencian que la Acción de Protección ecuatoriana presenta mayor flexibilidad formal y posibilidad de efectos reparadores directos, coherentes con un modelo constitucional garantista. Por su parte, el Juicio de Amparo mexicano, fortalecido tras la reforma constitucional de 2011, ha ampliado su integración del bloque de convencionalidad, aunque mantiene mayores exigencias técnicas procesales. Se concluye que la eficiencia de ambos mecanismos no depende únicamente de su diseño normativo, sino de su capacidad para eliminar barreras estructurales de acceso a la justicia e incorporar de manera efectiva los estándares interamericanos. El estudio contribuye al debate sobre la efectividad real de la justicia constitucional en América Latina.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik • 2026

Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of a synchronous reluctance machine, with particular emphasis on optimizing efficiency to achieve an ultra premium efficiency class. The study commences with the fundamental concept of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM), from which the geometric and electromagnetic parameters are systematically varied and their effect is investigated using numerical simulation methods. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of specific parameters on the efficiency and operational behavior of the machine. These parameters include rotor and stator geometry, the air gap, and the material properties as well as the operating parameters. A comprehensive parametric study is utilized to identify correlations between the design parameters and the resulting loss mechanisms. The results obtained facilitate an evaluation of sensitive influencing factors and provide a solid foundation for the targeted optimization of the machine design. The findings of the study are summarized and conclusions are drawn for the efficient design of high power synchronous reluctance machines.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Microbiome • 2026

Abstract Background The gut microbiota influences poultry health, nutrition, feed efficiency (FE), and overall productivity. However, the relationship between gut microbes, including bacteria and phages, and FE in ducks remains underexplored. To address this, we integrated cecal 16S amplicon, metagenome, microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiling, liver transcriptome, and serum metabolome data to illustrate the contribution of the gut microbiome (bacteria and viruses) to duck FE. Results We reconstructed viral genomes and prokaryotic metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and annotated their genes using comprehensive databases. Prokaryotic hosts of viruses were also predicted to understand virus-host dynamics within the gut ecosystem. Our results revealed that high-FE ducks have higher concentration of propionate and butyrate in cecum compared with low-FE ducks. The metagenome sequencing revealed distinct cecal microbiota profiles between two groups, with increased relative abundance of representative SCFA producers, especially Paraprevotella sp905215575 and Bacteroides sp944322345 , and enhanced SCFA-biosynthesis pathways in high-FE ducks. Virome genome assembly identified two phages encoding auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in pyruvate metabolism, enhancing nutrient availability for host bacteria to produce SCFAs (e.g., temperate phage-encoded pyruvate phosphate dikinase) or exploiting host central metabolic pathways for viral replication (e.g., lytic phage-encoded formate C-acetyltransferase). Furthermore, these representative SCFA-producing bacteria and phage consortia were associated with serum metabolites (including L-histidine and 4-hydroxydecanedioylcarnitine) linked to duck FE. Conclusion Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the gut microbial factors regulating FE in ducks, offering potential strategies to optimize poultry nutrition and productivity.

[object Object]

Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences • 2026

Phosphine (PH3) remains the primary fumigant for protecting grain reserves in Russia. However, its efficiency depends on temperature, air humidity, pest development stages, and grain sorption. Optimal conditions are temperature +25...+30 °C and relative humidity 60–70 %. Temperature below 15 °C or humidity below 50 % sharply decreases the toxicity of phosphine. The authors analyse the differential sensitivity of pest development stages: larvae are highly susceptible, eggs – highly resistant. The paper highlights the molecular mechanisms of resistance (rph1, rph2 mutations), phosphine sorption by grain (20–40 %), and gas permeability. It includes practical recommendations for fumigation optimisation and resistance monitoring.

[object Object]

Journal of Applied Finance & Banking • 2026

This paper exploits China’s Graduated Dividend Tax (GDT) policy as a quasi-natural experiment and applies a difference-in-differences approach to examine the effect of dividend tax adjustments on firms’ investment efficiency. The results show that the policy improves investment efficiency, mainly by curbing overinvestment. Mechanism analyses indicate that the GDT policy operates by increasing individual investors’ patience and improving corporate governance, including reducing information asymmetry. Heterogeneity analyses further show that the effects are more pronounced for highly leveraged firms with more frequent shareholder meetings. Overall, the results suggest that the GDT policy improves firms’ investment efficiency by strengthening corporate governance and curbing overinvestment. JEL classification numbers: G32, G34, D22. Keywords: GDT policy, Investment efficiency, Long-term shareholding; Corporate governance.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) • 2026

Background: Natural killer (NK) cell degranulation is a key immune defense mechanism where exposure to tumor or virus-infected cells triggers the fusion of cytoplasmic granules containing apoptotic proteins, perforin, and granzyme with the cell membrane. This process transiently expresses CD107a on the NK cell surface, and measuring CD107a is a standard method to assess NK cell activity. Methods: We compared two stimulation protocols differing only in duration (6-hour vs. 18-hour) using K562 target cells to induce NK cell degranulation. Isolated PBMCs without stimulation served as controls to assess spontaneous degranulation. Anti-CD107a-PE antibody was present throughout stimulation in both test and control samples. After stimulation, cells were stained with anti-CD45, anti-CD3, and anti-CD56 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: For 6 of 7 healthy controls, results from both methods fell within 2 standard deviations. Notably, longer (18-hour) stimulation resulted in lower CD107a expression than the 6-hour assay. Interlaboratory comparisons of two samples showed no significant difference (p 0.05). In a suspected hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) case, two labs reported similarly reduced CD107a expression (9% and 7%). Inter-day variability was observed in a donor across both time points. The 6-hour assay showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the 18-hour assay. A resting period before ex vivo PBMC assays was found necessary. Conclusion: Stimulation periods beyond 6 hours are unsuitable for clinical NK degranulation assays. Screening for HLH should include multiple stimulants to improve assay reliability.

[object Object]

Economics & Business Management • 2026

Comprehensively advancing rural revitalization is the core task of building a country strong in agriculture in the new era. As the lifeblood of the modern economy, finance is the key to break the funding constraints on the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and activate the vitality of the rural economy. In recent years, the annual Central Document No.1 has continuously focused on the development of a coordinated fiscal and financial support mechanism for agriculture. China's policy system for agriculture-related finance has been continuously improved, the scale of agriculture-related credit has expanded steadily, and the coverage and availability of rural financial services have been significantly enhanced. However, constrained by the urban-rural dual structure, the inherent vulnerability of the agricultural industry, and information asymmetry in the rural financial market, the current rural financial services still face pain points such as mismatch between supply and demand, high transaction costs, and an inadequate risk mitigation mechanism, which restrict the further improvement of the quality and efficiency of financial support for agriculture. Based on the theory of rural financial development and the theory of imperfectly competitive markets, this paper sorts out the practical effects of China's financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, analyzes the core bottlenecks in the current rural financial market, and proposes a systematic path to improve the quality and efficiency of financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers from the dimensions of policy coordination, supply optimization, model innovation, digital empowerment, and credit system construction, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for boosting comprehensive rural revitalization and building a country strong in agriculture.

Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology • 2026

The increasing backlog of cases in conventional courts has necessitated the development of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms to deliver timely justice. Amicable settlement of disputes is very much essential for the maintenance of social peace and harmony in the society. This research paper investigates the effectiveness of Lok Adalats in resolving disputes in India, focusing on their impact, challenges, and potential improvements. Established to address the significant backlog of cases in the Indian judicial system, Lok Adalats aim to provide a timely, cost-effective, and informal alternative to traditional court proceedings. General findings indicate that Lok Adalats are generally perceived as effective, with high levels of satisfaction reported by participants. However, issues such as lack of public awareness and variability in the quality of outcomes pose challenges. Recommendations include enhancing public outreach, standardizing mediation practices, and integrating technology to improve the efficiency and accessibility of Lok Adalats. This paper highlights the significant role of Lok Adalats in the Indian legal system and suggests pathways for enhancing their effectiveness in delivering justice. Article 39A of the Indian Constitution requires equal justice and free legal assistance. The necessity of the Lok Adalat System, an efficient institution of a people-friendly judicial system that administers prompt justice in an economical and cordial manner, has been highlighted by various Law Commission Reports, the Justice Malimath Committee Report, the Amendment of Civil Procedure Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Legal Services Authority Act, 1987. Lok Adalat plays a critical role in promoting and strengthening "equal access to justice," which is central to India's constitution. A large number of Lok Adalats are being organized to achieve the Gandhian principle of Gram Swaraj and "access to justice for all.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

IEEE transactions on power electronics • 2025

The double-clamp zero-voltage-switching (DCZVS) flyback converter can achieve high efficiency and high power density through high-frequency soft switching and inherent primary side regulation (PSR) feature. However, conventional resonance schemes for DCZVS flyback converters fail to simultaneously enable lossless leakage inductance energy recovery and high-precision PSR. In this article, a secondary absorption scheme is proposed for the DCZVS flyback converter, which employs the output capacitance of secondary-side synchronous rectifier switch to achieve lossless absorption of leakage inductance energy. Furthermore, the secondary absorption scheme reduces the voltage ripple of the clamp voltage and enhances PSR accuracy. The proposed scheme is validated on a 160–420 V input and 28 V/600 W output prototype. Compared with the highest power density level at present, the experimental prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 94.37% with an increase of 0.68% and achieves an ultra-high power density of 1290 W/inch3 with an increase of 7.2%.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

IEEE transactions on power electronics • 2025

The magnetic network energy router (MNER) is promising for applications integrating multiple renewable sources, storages, and loads with the advantages of low component requirement, high efficiency, and high controllability. Power density is essential for MNERs, which is mainly restricted due to the use of multiple magnetic components, including the high-frequency transformer (HF-TF) and branch inductor (BI). This article proposes a quad-port magnetic integrated coupled inductor (MICI) based MNER with high power density. In the proposed quad-port MICI-MNER, the HF-TF and four BIs are magnetically integrated with a customized magnetic core, and the MNER's ports are partially magnetically coupled with each other to achieve the required power transfer. The detailed modeling and design for the proposed quad-port MICI are further developed. The proposed quad-port MICI can achieve high power density and reduce the size of the quad-port MNER. Simulation studies with the professional tools PLECS and Ansys/Electronics are conducted and a down-scale quad-port MICI-MNER prototype is built in the laboratory. The results both confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed quad-port MICI-MNER.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics • 2025

In this article, a 12-switch non-isolated LLC (NI-LLC) converter is proposed to address the application requirements of 4:1 bidirectional fixed-ratio voltage conversion in 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEVs). Compared with the previous NI-LLC converters, the proposed 12-switch NI-LLC converter has superior efficiency and enables inherent bidirectional operation without requiring energy flow direction detection or additional control schemes for forward and reverse modes. Additionally, to synchronously turn on and off power switches in the proposed converter and to reduce gate drive loss and layout area, a transformer-coupled resonant gate driver is proposed. This driver circuit consumes only 18.7% of the power of conventional gate drive circuits, thereby ensuring high efficiency and power density in the converter. Unlike conventional resonant gate driver, the proposed gate driver not only recovers the charge energy, but also significantly reduces the ON/OFF time of main switches. Finally, the proposed converter and gate driver is verified on a 1.2 MHz/960 W prototype with a power density up to 5.6 kW/inch3. The converter achieves a peak efficiency of 98.5%, and the full load efficiency at forward and reverse operation are 97.1% and 96.7% respectively.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

IEEE transactions on power electronics • 2025

The increasing power density of SiC power modules presents significant challenges in achieving uniform high-heat-flux thermal management, which is often limited by conventional packages. To address this, an embedded microfluidic-cooled SiC power module is developed, combining embedded microchannels and nano-silver sintering to enable efficient and uniform cooling. Microchannels were directly fabricated beneath the die footprint in the direct-bonded copper substrate using picosecond laser etching, with a crossover double-layer manifold integrated into the baseplate to facilitate large-area liquid distribution. The thermal performance and temperature uniformity of the proposed design were first validated using SiC thermal test chips (SiC TTCs). Our results demonstrated an ultralow junction-to-fluid thermal resistance of 0.064 K/W and a coefficient of performance greater than 20 000, representing a 52% reduction and more than a 10-fold improvement over conventional heat sinks, respectively. The design allowed reliable heat dissipation up to 655 W at a coolant flow rate of 3 g/s, reducing junction temperature gradients by 86%. Finally, when applied to a practical SiC power module, the improved thermal performance of the new architecture led to an increase in current capacity by 43%. The proposed codesigned integrated microfluidic-cooled packaging architecture offers an efficient and easy-to-extend solution for next-generation high-power-density power electronics.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics • 2025

The integrated modular motor drive (IMMD) concept is a promising solution for transportation electrification. IMMDs offer essential features such as high power density, efficiency, and reliability which are critical for electrified propulsion systems. While integration provides advantages in power density and efficiency, it also presents significant design challenges due to space constraints. In this study, a single inverter module of a 250 kW IMMD is designed and tested, which functions as an autonomous power converter. Each module contains a power converter, dc-link capacitor bank, and a local microcontroller, enabling independent control. The modules of the targeted IMMD are identical, allowing for easier replacement of failed units and reducing production complexity and cost. The designed inverter module underwent testing to evaluate both its switching characteristics and continuous operation. The manufactured inverter module obtained a gravimetric power density (specific power) of 43.96 kW/kg and an efficiency of 98.65%.

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics • 2025

This paper presents an ultra-high voltage gain, quadratic-based DC-DC structure optimized for cost-effectiveness and high power density, specifically for DC microgrid applications. The proffered design integrates a coupled inductor (CI) with a quadratic step-up structure to accomplish a substantial step-up in voltage. The converter’s voltage gain can be regulated through two key criteria: the duty cycle of the power switches and the turn ratio of a two-winding CI, providing enhanced flexibility in design. Key attributes of the proffered topology encompass its ultra-high voltage gain, reduced voltage stress on the switching components, continuous input current, a common ground among the input and output, high efficiency via soft switching on semiconductor devices, and synchronized switch operation. Comprehensive details are provided on the operational principles, steady-state behavior, design considerations, and efficiency evaluation, accompanied by dynamic modeling and control assessment. To highlight the advantages of this topology, it is compared with other related topologies. The potential of the suggested design is affirmed by testing a 600W experimental system utilizing a switching frequency of 50 kHz, with an input voltage of 20 V and an output voltage of 600 V.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

International Journal of Thermo-Fluid Systems and Sustainable Energy • 2025

This study presents an analytical mathematical model for an integrated microbial fuel cell--oxic--anoxic bioreactor (MFC--OB--ANB) system designed for simultaneous slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and energy recovery. The model incorporates bioelectrochemical oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification processes using acetate as a representative substrate. Closed-form analytical solutions are derived for substrate degradation, nitrogen transformation, current density, and system voltage. The effects of biofilm thickness, membrane conductivity, and influent substrate concentration on treatment efficiency and power generation are systematically investigated. Results reveal that enhanced biofilm conductivity and reduced membrane resistance significantly improve energy recovery, while optimized substrate loading enhances nitrogen removal performance. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of integrated bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment systems.

[object Object]

Mugla Journal of Science and Technology • 2025

The discovery of electroactive microorganisms and their electron transfer mechanisms has opened new possibilities for bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity by converting organic substrates through microbial metabolism. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was utilized as a biocatalyst to assess the performance of various MFC designs using domestic wastewater as the anode substrate. The effects of reactor configuration and the addition of methylene blue as a redox mediator on voltage generation, power density, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. Two batch-mode reactors were tested: a nested cylindrical dual-chamber MFC (NDMFC) and a cylindrical H-type MFC (CHMFC). The maximum power densities achieved were 3.22 mW/m² for the NDMFC and 3.35 mW/m² for the CHMFC, while COD removal efficiencies were 90.33% and 91.44%, respectively. As all operational conditions were maintained constant, the observed performance variations were attributed to differences in reactor design. Overall, this study aimed to emphasize the importance of mediators that facilitate electron transfer in microbial fuel cells. The effect of methylene blue on power generation was effectively investigated using different reactor configurations.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Microorganisms • 2025

This study investigates microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance through the modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polypyrrole (PPy). The yeast/AuNP-modified electrodes generated the highest median current of 2.57 nA, significantly outperforming the yeast/PPy-modified (0.82 nA) electrodes. Power density measurements further confirmed the superior performance of the yeast/AuNP-modified electrodes, showcasing a notable improvement in current densities and power outputs. Yeast/AuNP-modified graphite electrodes produced a higher power density of 22.8 mW/m2, while exhibiting a lower current density compared to electrodes modified solely with yeast, which achieved a power density of 5.7 mW/m2. These findings highlight the potential of AuNPs in significantly enhancing the electrochemical performance of yeast-based MFCs, providing a promising approach for the development of more efficient bioelectrochemical systems.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Journal of Services Marketing • 2026

Purpose The effectiveness of switching barriers in deterring customer defection hinges on the psychological constraints they impose on customer decision-making; however, this underlying mechanism has received limited empirical attention. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the psychological mechanism of anticipated regret in the relation between switching barriers and customer retention by examining both its mediating and moderating roles in deterring defection. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate the influence of anticipated regret on switching barrier-based customer retention through two studies using a time-lagged, multiwave survey methodology that tracks both customers’ retention intention and actual behaviors. Findings The results indicate that customers’ anticipated regret not only mediates the relationship between switching barriers and retention intention but also moderates the association between retention intention and actual retention behavior. This inhibitive psychological mechanism provides additional explanatory power and offers a more comprehensive understanding of how switching barriers shape consumers’ retention decisions. Research limitations/implications Understanding customers’ diverse perspectives and the psychological mechanisms underlying their retention decisions is central to advancing service research. Addressing the significant gap in the customer retention literature, this study integrates anticipated regret into the established switching barrier–retention framework, enriching its theoretical foundation and opening new avenues for future research. Practical implications The findings reveal new marketing opportunities for enhancing service retention. Practitioners can strategically leverage anticipated regret in marketing communications, customer interactions and retention initiatives. By making potential future regret salient prior to customers’ final decisions, firms can prevent defection and retain customers who might otherwise exit. Social implications This research identifies how psychological inhibitors shape customer retention and underscores the importance of responsible practices that facilitate informed decision-making and value creation in customers’ best interests. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to examine the psychological mechanism of anticipated regret in switching barrier-based retention decisions. The authors theorize and empirically substantiate that, when evaluating the inhibitive obstacles that deter defection, consumers prioritize the avoidance of negative consequences arising from trade-offs and seek to minimize the likelihood of future regret over their eventual choice.