[object Object]

A Mini Review on Stage-Specific Autophagy Dynamics and Immune Regulation in the Reproductive System • 2026

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation mechanism critical for cellular homeostasis, differentiation, and adaptation to stress. Within the reproductive system, autophagy plays a dynamic, stage-specific role in gametogenesis, implantation, placentation, and parturition, aligning cellular metabolism and immune regulation to reproductive demands. Dysregulation of autophagic pathways contributes to reproductive pathology, including infertility, pre-eclampsia, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), underscoring its significance in reproductive health. This review aims to synthesise current understanding of stage-specific autophagy regulation in reproductive tissues, with a focus on its intersection with immune dynamics at the maternal–foetal interface. It highlights mechanistic pathways, immune cell modulation, and pathological outcomes associated with altered autophagy. Data were drawn from recent peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, Frontiers, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2025 that investigated autophagyrelated gene expression, signalling pathways, and immune modulation in reproductive tissues. Comparative analyses integrated molecular, cellular, and physiological findings across mammalian models and human studies. Autophagy acts as an integrative regulatory mechanism bridging cellular metabolism and immune adaptation in the reproductive system. Understanding its temporal and spatial regulation provides essential insight into fertility, pregnancy maintenance, and the pathogenesis of gestational disorders. Future research should explore therapeutic strategies that target autophagy to restore immune homeostasis and improve reproductive outcomes.

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National Interests Priorities and Security • 2026

Subject. This article discusses sustainable and safe development of the region's socio-economic system based on a cognitive approach. Objectives. The article aims to evaluate the appropriateness of applying the cognitive approach for researching and making decisions on the sustainable development of the regional socio-economic system. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems analysis and cognitive modeling. Results. The article presents a mechanism of the regional economic system functioning, and carries out a cognitive (impulse) modeling of the Republic of Dagestan socio-economic system. It also shows an instrumental method for scenario modeling of various cognitive structures. Conclusions. The application of the proposed method allows to construct a model of the socio-economic mechanism of the region based on the expert and statistical data on the Republic of Dagestan. An increase in industrial production can help achieve positive changes in the regional economy.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Європейський науковий журнал Економічних та Фінансових інновацій • 2026

The article examines marketing logistics as an integrated management system within transport enterprises, emphasizing its role in creating sustainable competitive advantages through the effective management of flows and delivery of services that preserve consumer value. In modern economic conditions, traditional isolated application of marketing and logistics tools often fails to ensure the achievement of strategic objectives, particularly under circumstances of high uncertainty, resource limitations, and disruptions in supply chains, such as those experienced during martial law. Marketing logistics emerges as an integrative mechanism that combines market-oriented approaches with process- and flow-oriented logistics, aligning demand generation with the enterprise’s operational capabilities. A critical review of domestic and international literature reveals a lack of unified conceptual understanding of marketing logistics. Foreign studies tend to interpret it from a logistics perspective, emphasizing operational efficiency and physical distribution, while domestic research increasingly views it as a comprehensive, integrative system that coordinates marketing and logistics decisions to achieve long-term competitive advantages. The article classifies approaches to marketing logistics into three groups: functional-distributional, integration-oriented, and value-oriented (synthetic), reflecting its evolution from a narrowly operational function to a strategic management concept. The study offers a conceptual generalization of marketing logistics as an integrated management system under conditions of high uncertainty. The study identifies key objectives and tactical tasks of marketing logistics, including ensuring full and timely satisfaction of consumer demand, optimizing logistics costs, maintaining service quality, enhancing resilience, and supporting sustainable development and digital transformation. The article further delineates the core functions of marketing logistics — analytical, planning, organizational, coordination, control, and value-oriented — demonstrating their integrative nature in harmonizing marketing and logistics processes. Comparative analysis highlights that marketing logistics not only delivers physical products but also generates additional value for the consumer by balancing service levels with operational efficiency. The findings underscore the relevance of marketing logistics as a holistic management tool for transport enterprises operating in dynamic and uncertain environments. Prospects for further research include the development of digital, data-driven, and adaptive approaches to enhance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in marketing logistics processes.

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International Journal of Science and Research Archive • 2026

Infertility is emerging as a significant but under-recognized public health challenge in many developing countries, with profound demographic, psychosocial, and economic consequences. Cameroon provides a compelling case study for examining the multifactorial drivers of rising infertility across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper synthesizes epidemiological evidence to analyze infectious, health-system, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants shaping infertility patterns. Persistent reproductive tract infections including untreated sexually transmitted infections, post-abortal sepsis, and puerperal infections remain leading contributors to tubal factor infertility. Weak health-system capacity, limited access to skilled obstetric and gynecological care, inadequate laboratory diagnostics, and fragmented referral pathways exacerbate delayed diagnosis and treatment. Environmental exposures, including pesticide use, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with rapid urbanization and informal industrial activity, further compound reproductive risks for both men and women. Socioeconomic pressures poverty, gender inequities, stigma, and limited insurance coverage for fertility services intensify barriers to timely intervention and amplify psychosocial distress. The Cameroon case illustrates how infectious burden interacts with structural and environmental vulnerabilities, producing a cumulative risk framework rather than isolated causes. Addressing infertility in similar contexts requires integrated strategies encompassing infection prevention, strengthened reproductive health systems, environmental regulation, male reproductive health inclusion, and financial protection mechanisms. Recognizing infertility as a cross-sectoral development issue is essential for advancing reproductive justice and sustainable population health outcomes in resource-constrained settings.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

As a promising platform for microbially catalyzed carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is constrained by inoculation strategies that limit carbon fixation efficiency and scalability. Mixed-culture inocula outperform pure cultures in functional redundancy and ecological resilience in large systems, but slow acclimation and erratic community composition yield inconsistent performance. Here, this study present a pressurized pre-autotrophic (PA) strategy that rapidly enriches carbon-fixing microorganisms (CFMs) from anaerobic sludge, in comparison with direct autotrophic (DA) and electrode reversal (ER) strategies. PA increased CFM abundance to 51%, 3.5-fold higher than in DA-MES and ER-MES (both 15%). Acetate production in PA-MES reached 14.47 g·m -2 ·d -1 . In addition to enhanced acetate productivity, PA-MES exhibited superior electrochemical performance, achieving the highest Faradaic efficiency for acetate and energy efficiency among the tested systems, together with the lowest energy consumption per unit acetate. Metagenomic analysis revealed a PA-defined core community with coordinated activation of the Wood-Ljungdahl, rTCA, and methanogenic pathways, providing redundant routes for stable CO 2 fixation. By transforming mixed-culture inocula into a functionally cohesive carbon-fixing community, the PA strategy enables rapid startup and sustained carbon fixation, offering a practical framework for scalable MES.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Environmental Science • 2026

Atrazine and quinclorac are commonly used herbicides in flue-cured tobacco preceding crops in Southwest China. Their residues often damage subsequent tobacco crops, seriously affecting their normal growth and development. Soil remediation could directly or indirectly regulate the degradation of herbicides by affecting soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community activity. In this study, we analyzed the degradation characteristics of two high-risk herbicides in local tobacco soil and their effects on tobacco growth and development through a field trial in Bijie Guizhou, Southwest China. We applied three different soil remediations (biochar, quicklime, and shell powder) at the same dosage of 1.5 t/ha. The results show:the growth potential of tobacco in the biochar treatment was the best, with the degradation rate of atrazine reaching 90.22% and that of quinclorac reaching 69.10%. All remediations improved the structure and diversity of the soil bacterial community. The biochar treatment significantly enhanced the regulatory and restoration capacity of the soil microbial environment. Moreover, both biochar and lime have positive effects on improving the soil microbial environment of tobacco fields contaminated by herbicides, providing theoretical and practical guidance for controlling herbicide residues, enhancing tobacco quality and safety, and achieving sustainable production in tobacco fields.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Cell Death & Disease • 2026

Abstract Ubiquitination serves a critical role in regulating both inflammatory responses and kidney injury. Among inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has demonstrated associations with disrupted ubiquitin signaling that exacerbates inflammation and cyst progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the E3 ligase Pellino1 (Peli1) acts as an essential contributor to the pathogenesis of ADPKD amid inflammatory conditions. In individuals with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Peli1 exhibits markedly elevated expression, and this upregulation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Additionally, we find that various TLR stimulations in renal tubular cells induce increased Peli1 expression, which is also elevated in samples from ADPKD patients. Using doxycycline-inducible Peli1-transgenic mice, we establish that Peli1 overexpression leads to impaired renal function and facilitates cyst formation. On a mechanistic level, elevated Peli1 promotes cystic epithelial cell proliferation by activating mTOR signaling, accomplished through the stabilization of S6K1. In summary, our data indicate that TLR-driven upregulation of Peli1 facilitates renal cyst growth via S6K1 stabilization. These results reveal a novel mechanistic link between PKD and ccRCC.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have advantages in treating sulfate-containing wastewater, but challenges such as prolonged reactor start-up cycles have limited their development. By comparing the effects of different microbial sources on MEC performance, we found that inoculating the biocathode with enriched bacterial solutions significantly shortened the start-up time (15-20 d), while achieving the highest sulfate reduction efficiency of 70.2 ± 2.3%. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the integrated area of the cyclic voltammetry curve in this group was 1.0-1.2 times higher than in the other groups, and a significant increase in extracellular polymer secretion was observed. Microbial community showed that norank_f_Synergistaceae was dominant (21.9%). Functional gene prediction analyses further support the relative predominance of genes associated with biofilm formation and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. These findings indicate that highly active enriched bacteria can significantly enhance the sulfate wastewater treatment efficiency of MECs by strengthening biofilm formation mechanisms.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable biohydrogen production; however, its application is limited by its low degradability and poor energy conversion efficiency. This study investigated whether integrating Dark Fermentation (DF) with a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC), combined with effective pretreatment, can enhance biohydrogen recovery from sugarcane bagasse dust (SBD). Alkali and ultrasound pretreatment were employed to improve substrate digestibility, with structural changes confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis. Pretreated bagasse produced 3.4 L/L (0.00608 mol H 2 /g of dry substrate) of biohydrogen during DF, which was significantly higher than that produced by untreated substrate. The DF effluent was subsequently utilized in the MEC, where a maximum hydrogen yield of 0.9 L/L was achieved at an applied voltage of + 0.7 V. Enhanced biofilm formation under optimized anodic conditions in MEC was confirmed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The integrated DF-MEC system achieved 21% energy recovery, outperforming the single-stage DF (12.4%), thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined approach.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research • 2026

Background: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major global commodity, with Indonesia ranking among the top producers. However, cocoa pod husks which account for about 73% of the fruit mass-remain largely underutilized, creating significant agricultural waste and environmental concerns. These husks are rich in nutrients and lignocellulosic compounds, making them suitable for conversion into compost. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum, Pleurotus ostreatus and a microbial consortium (Mikrobat) as bio-decomposers for enhancing the composting of cocoa pod husks and to assess their impact on compost physicochemical quality and lignocellulose degradation. Methods: The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with seven treatments (single and combined inoculations) and three replications, resulting in 63 experimental units. Composting parameters observed included temperature dynamics, mycelial growth, color, texture, odor, weight loss, nutrient content (C-organic, N, P, K) and lignocellulolytic composition (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin). Result: The results showed that microbial treatments significantly accelerated the composting process, as indicated by elevated early-phase temperatures, rapid mycelial colonization and improved physical maturity (darker color, finer texture). The combination of T. harzianum and Mikrobat yielded the highest C-organic (17.90%), total N (1.01%) and K (0.82%) contents with an optimal C/N ratio (~18), while the triple combination produced the highest P (1.08%). Lignocellulolytic analysis revealed that T. harzianum + P. ostreatus effectively reduced fiber and lignin contents, whereas T. harzianum + Mikrobat promoted the transformation of lignin into stable humic compounds.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biomass • 2026

In laboratory installations, wastewater from the distillery industry (ethanol stillage and vinasse) is treated via a two-stage combination of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) and biomethanation, assisted by bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). In the first stage, a sulfidogenic bioreactor with an integrated microbial fuel cell (MFC) is used, which partially oxidizes the produced H2S and facilitates the conversion of organic compounds. Sulfate removal reaches 95.4% (stillage) and 92.8% (vinasse), with corresponding COD reductions of 30.6% and 36.5%, respectively. The polarization curves, power density, generated current, and coulombic efficiency are analyzed. The sulfidogenic bioreactor consortium is dominated by Deltaproteobacteria, which contributes to acetate accumulation during the MSR stage. Methanogens are dominated by the genus Methanofolis. In the second stage of anaerobic digestion, three treatment options are investigated: direct biomethanation, biomethanation after preliminary MSR, and biomethanation after MSR with a microbial electrolysis cell (AD-MEC). The highest COD conversion rates are achieved in the AD-MEC variants: 91.36% for ethanol stillage and 92.8% for vinasse. Microbial communities are dominated by acetoclastic methanogens of the genus Methanothrix. For stillage treated after MSR, biogas production is nearly double that from direct methanation. For vinasse, the largest amount of biogas is generated during by the integrated MEC system, followed direct methanation. Methane content is the highest in methanation after MSR in AD-MEC (93.4–93.6%).

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of Cell Science • 2026

The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The transcriptional repressor Capicua (Cic) has emerged as a key target for ERK-mediated downregulation in Drosophila and mammals, and mutations in human CIC result in cancer and neurological diseases. Phosphorylation by ERK is critical for Cic downregulation, but the identities of phosphosites in Drosophila Cic are unknown. Here, we identify sites of phosphorylation in Cic that are directly targeted by ERK and validate their developmental functions in vivo using mutant Cic variants. Cic phosphosites are distributed throughout the length of the protein. Cic mutated in 20 high-confidence sites is resistant to proteasomal degradation and behaves as a “super-repressor” in vivo that is largely insensitive to ERK-mediated downregulation. No single site is sufficient to turn off Cic activity; instead, we find that ERK must phosphorylate multiple sites in Cic simultaneously to achieve full downregulation. This multisite phosphorylation likely involves phosphodegrons that are recognized by ubiquitin ligases such as Ago/FBXW7, contributing to Cic degradation. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of signal interpretation downstream of the RTK/ERK signaling network.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology • 2026

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe, mortality-increasing sepsis complication, with copper homeostasis imbalance as a key pathogenic factor. Copper (Cu) plays a dual role: as an essential enzyme cofactor, it regulates vital processes including energy metabolism and redox balance; however, both excess and deficiency disrupt cellular homeostasis and induce cardiomyocyte injury. This review summarizes core pathophysiological mechanisms linking copper homeostasis imbalance to SCM, including abnormal copper metabolism (dysregulated uptake/transport/excretion), lipid metabolism disorders, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and various regulated cell death (RCD) forms (cuproptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis). We also elaborate potential therapeutic strategies targeting copper homeostasis, including copper chelators, copper transport inhibitors, copper-mediated RCD modulators, multi-target natural products, nanopreparations, and latest advances in copper-based myocardial injury therapy. Finally, we address current research limitations and outline future directions, such as exploring copper-related cell death markers, clarifying underexplored copper signaling in SCM, and developing innovative precision therapies. This review offers a comprehensive theoretical foundation for further investigating copper homeostasis in SCM and developing novel therapies.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Cells • 2026

Skeletal muscle regeneration declines with age despite the persistence of satellite cells (muscle stem cells, MuSCs), suggesting that regenerative impairment reflects functional dysregulation rather than MuSC depletion. Increasing evidence identifies early MuSC activation during the immediate post-injury period as a stress-sensitive, rate-limiting transition that is particularly vulnerable in aged muscle. Aged MuSCs exhibit elevated stress responses and reduced membrane remodeling capacity, accompanied by weakened activation-associated transcriptional induction. In contrast, proliferative and differentiation programs remain largely intact once activation is successfully initiated. These findings underscore that impaired coordination during early activation contributes to long-term regenerative decline in aging. Within this framework, MG53 (tripartite motif–containing protein 72, TRIM72), a muscle-enriched TRIM family E3 ubiquitin ligase originally identified as a mediator of sarcolemmal membrane repair, may also function as a stress-responsive regulator that stabilizes the early activation environment. Rather than directly determining cell fate, MG53 is proposed to facilitate activation by mitigating stress-associated membrane disruption and maintaining programmatic coordination under age-related physiological constraints. Most mechanistic evidence derives from rodent models, and direct validation in human aging muscle remains limited. These observations suggest that targeting early activation, rather than simply increasing proliferation, may better preserve regenerative capacity in aging skeletal muscle.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biotech Studies • 2026

In this study, the removal of arsenate, an important environmental pollutant found in wastewater, and simultaneous electricity generation were investigated using microbial fuel cells. Single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cells were used to examine the effects of synthetic wastewater prepared using sodium arsenate at a concentration range of 0-300 mg/L on electricity production. Arsenate removal percentages were investigated, and changes in microbial ecology were also examined. According to the results, 0.179 V electricity was produced in microbial fuel cells up to 200 mg/L sodium arsenate concentration. However, when the concentration was increased to 300 mg/L, the voltage production decreased significantly (p = 0.005). A significant difference (p lt; 0.0001) between lower concentrations (0–15 mg/L) and 300 mg/L arsenate was confirmed by one-way ANOVA analysis, suggesting a strong inhibitory response. 11.5% of sodium arsenate was removed from synthetic wastewater during batch operations. The microbial ecology results indicated that Geobacter, Azospirillum, and Xanthobacter genera significantly increased following arsenate treatment. In conclusion, arsenate-contaminated wastewater can be biologically treated with single-chamber microbial fuel cells, and electricity can be produced simultaneously.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a unique enterovirus resembling human rhinoviruses, was long considered to cause only sporadic outbreaks of mild, self-limiting respiratory infections mainly in children. However, over the past decade, EV-D68 has exhibited a biennial outbreak pattern across multiple regions worldwide, coinciding with an increased incidence of severe respiratory illnesses and cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. The immune system plays a crucial role in providing rapid and effective defense. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the complex interactions between EV-D68 and the host immune responses is still very limited. Additionally, clinical detection of EV-D68 remains challenging, and there are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatments available. Therefore, ongoing research should focus on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EV-D68, as well as the development of reliable diagnostic methods and therapeutic options to control EV-D68 spread. This review intends to examine the initiatives undertaken for clinical surveillance of EV-D68 outbreaks, the immune responses elicited by EV-D68, and its strategies for immune evasion. Additionally, it explores recent advancements in antiviral drug development, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifying prospective directions for future research.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Micromachines • 2026

Using disposable screen-printed electrodes faces major challenges when attempting to monitor a continuous process, especially in systems where there is pronounced adsorption, fouling, degradation, or in cases of irreversible electrochemical reactions. Methylene Blue (MB) exhibits some therapeutic properties and is commonly used as a redox reporter in DNA sensors, but is also considered a toxic pollutant in aquatic systems. MB demonstrates strong adsorption to carbon materials, which prevents its electroanalytical determination in multiple measurements with a single electrode. Our work details direct electrochemical determination of MB with only the native carbon screen-printed working electrode as sensing material and optimization of the analytical method. In batch mode, we significantly improved sensitivity and interelectrode reproducibility by introducing a prepolarization step, but successive measurements in lower concentrations were not feasible due to strong adsorption. A fully customizable, modular flow cell was 3D printed to allow in operando replacement of the planar screen-printed three-electrode system after measurement during continuous flow. As confirmed by mechanical properties testing, the rigid polyacrylate upper section of the flow cell provides structural stability, combined with a flexible TPU lower section which enables effortless sensor hot swapping and effective sealing during flow. With an optimized hot swapping flow detection method, MB was detected via square wave voltammetry with a sensitivity of 65.59 µA/µM and a calculated LOD of 7.75 nM, which outperforms similar systems from the literature. We envisage this approach can be integrated into low-cost continuous environmental monitoring systems or in-line quality control, especially in flow chemistry synthesis.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Immunology • 2026

Introduction Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent rheumatic disease and is characterized by autoimmune pathology targeting the tear-producing lacrimal glands, leading to chronic ocular surface disease. Despite important advances, lacrimal gland pathology in SjD remains incompletely understood, limiting both diagnosis and treatment. Methods In this exploratory study, we used spatial transcriptomics to profile lacrimal glands from wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice and thrombospondin-1-deficient (TSP-1 - / - ) mice, a spontaneous model of SjD, to identify molecular signatures associated with the functional loss of major epithelial cell subtypes—acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Results Our analyses revealed gene expression patterns consistent with endoplasmic reticulum stress in acinar cells, mitochondrial dysfunction in ductal epithelial cells, secretory dysfunction in both acinar and ductal epithelial cells, and contractile impairment with profibrotic remodeling in myoepithelial cells in SjD lacrimal glands, highlighting potential early mechanisms and markers of glandular damage. Furthermore, in acinar epithelial cells, a significantly reduced expression of Pigr, which encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor required for the transcytotic delivery of protective secretory IgA into tear fluid, correlated with reduced tear secretory IgA levels in SjD mice, consistent with their observed ocular surface disease. Discussion This finding supports the potential use of tear sIgA as a quantifiable biomarker of glandular dysfunction. By integrating spatial and cellular information, we uncovered a previously unrecognized spatial relationship between ductal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells in the lacrimal gland and identified a potential role for ductal epithelial cells as active drivers of inflammation by providing molecular and cellular cues that support periductal infiltrates rich in B cells and T follicular helper cells that form germinal centers and promote local autoantibody production. These findings together generate testable mechanistic hypotheses for each epithelial subtype and propose a framework for the therapeutic targeting of epithelial cells and multicellular interactions that underlie autoimmune lacrimal gland pathology in SjD.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Background Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) is a primary cariogenic pathogen responsible for acid production, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and biofilm formation. Two-component systems (TCS) regulate EPS metabolism, especially the VicRK TCS. Overexpression of antisense vicR (AS vicR ) can reduce EPS production and thereby weaken the cariogenicity of S. mutans. Although the antimicrobial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) exhibits potent antibacterial properties, mature S. mutans biofilms can protect themselves by extracellular matrix. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic intervention enhances drug efficacy, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Objective To investigate the chemical–genetic cooperative antibiofilm strategy inhibition and mechanisms of AS vicR overexpression combined with DMAHDM on S. mutans biofilm formation, acid and EPS metabolism, and cariogenicity through the VicRK system. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of DMAHDM and chlorhexidine were determined. Biofilm properties were evaluated via biomass assessment, EPS quantification, lactate production measurement, and colony-forming unit counting. Biofilm structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanisms were investigated using RT-qPCR, zymography, and western blot. Rat caries model was employed to assess caries formation under different treatment conditions. Results The AS vicR strain exhibited an approximate 2-fold increase in susceptibility to DMAHDM and chlorhexidine. The combination treatment reduced biofilm CFU by approximately 4 log units, significantly lowered lactate and EPS levels, and resulted in a loose, porous biofilm structure. The expression levels of cariogenic virulence factors as well as the VicRK TCS genes and proteins were significantly downregulated. In vivo , the combined treatment reduced the overall caries severity score to 12.7% of the control group (p lt;0.05) without observing any systemic adverse effects. Conclusion The strategy of combining AS vicR overexpression with DMAHDM effectively modulates EPS metabolism and cariogenicity in S. mutans by interfering with the VicRK TCS, providing a potential therapeutic approach for clinical caries management.

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International Journal of Integrated Research and Practice • 2026

The interplay of biotechnology and synthetic chemistry has brought a revolutionary age in the synthesis of complex chemicals, fuels and pharmaceuticals. Engineered microorganisms (also known as microbial factories) that can perform specific biochemical reactions have become a promising sustainable and highly versatile platform to synthesize high-value compounds that are frequently difficult to prepare in a conventional chemical synthetic pathway. In the present paper, we discuss the state-of-the-art approaches used in microbial engineering, such as genome editing, optimization of metabolic pathways, and the expression of synthetic regulatory circuits, to improve the efficiency, yield, and specificity of microbial biosynthesis. It focuses on the combination of systems biology and computational modeling to predict metabolic fluxes and inform rational strain design to reduce trial-and-error methods. Successful uses are discussed in case studies, e.g. the microbial synthesis of bioactive natural products, specialty chemicals and next-generation biofuels, and illustrate the ability of engineered microbes to fill in the gap between biology and synthetic chemistry. Also, the paper discusses the main issues, such as metabolic load, pathway crosstalk, and scalability, regulatory and biosafety implications of the implementation of microbial factories in the industrial environment. The emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence-based strain optimizations and cell-free synthetic platforms, which are discussed in the discussion, also have the potential to further expand the capabilities of microbial factories. This paper will illuminate both the scientific concepts and application of microbial biotechnology to give a thorough perspective of how microbial systems will be utilized in the form of modular and programmable chemical factories. These results point to the potential of microbial engineering as a device to produce chemicals sustainably as well as to generate novelty at the interface of biology, chemistry, and industrial biotechnology.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Viral infections pose significant challenges to global health. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell membrane structure, signaling, and energy homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and viral infections, revealing how viruses exploit host lipid pathways to facilitate their replication and assembly. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which viruses manipulate lipid metabolism and the subsequent impact on antiviral immunity. We systematically analyze the biological basis of lipid synthesis and degradation, emphasizing the role of lipids in immune cell function and the regulation of antiviral responses. Furthermore, we explore how altered lipid metabolism can influence immune responses in disease states, providing insights into the differential utilization of lipid pathways by various viruses. This review highlights suggest potential therapeutic strategies, including the development of antiviral drugs targeting lipid metabolism, modulation of lipid pathways to enhance immune responses, and combination therapies that integrate lipid metabolism modulation with conventional antiviral treatments. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on the interaction between lipid metabolism and emerging viral strains, the application of metabolomics in viral infection studies. This comprehensive review underscores the significance of lipid metabolism as a novel host-pathogen interface, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in combating viral infections.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Background Retained metallic foreign bodies can lead to implant-associated wound infections through bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. We report a case of a wound infection associated with a retained metallic fragment caused by Staphylococcus arlettae ( S. arlettae ) and evaluate the organism’s early biofilm formation on common implant metals. Case presentation A 33-year-old man sustained a crush injury to his right hand and forearm, resulting in extensive soft-tissue damage and vascular injury. Emergency surgical management included meticulous debridement and vascular reconstruction. Postoperatively, purulent wound infection was effectively managed following microbiological identification of S. arlettae and antibiotic susceptibility-guided therapy. The treatment regimen involved serial debridement along with stepwise adjustments in antimicrobial dosing. Follow-up revealed that the patient’s hand function had recovered well. Methods and results In vitro assays were conducted to compare early bacterial attachment and biofilm formation of the clinical S. arlettae isolate on stainless steel 304 (SS304), stainless steel 316 (SS316), and titanium alloy (TC4). The results revealed material-dependent differences in initial adherence as well as early biofilm development, establishing a link between implant surface properties and bacterial colonization propensity. Conclusions This case underscores the clinical significance of retained metallic fragments as potential foci for S. arlettae infection, emphasizing the necessity for prompt debridement, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and consideration of implant material properties. In vitro evidence demonstrating differential biofilm behavior on SS304, SS316, and TC4 has important implications for surgical decision-making, selection of implants, management of wounds, and prophylactic antibiotic strategies aimed at mitigating implant-associated infections.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Horticulturae • 2026

Flesh mealiness, a textural disorder in apples, reduces storage quality and consumer acceptance. The ‘Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’, prominent apple cultivars in China, exhibit contrasting susceptibility to mealiness, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared cytological, physiological and cell wall metabolic changes between mealy ‘Oregon Spur II Delicious’ and non-mealy ‘Miyazaki Spur Fuji’ during ambient storage. Toluidine blue staining and scanning electron microscopy revealed that ‘Delicious’ exhibited larger intercellular spaces and cell separation in contrast to ‘Fuji’. This observation aligns with the earlier onset of mealiness in ‘Delicious’: its mealiness degree increased from 3.06% at harvest to 19.62% after 28 d of storage (a 6.4-fold rise), whereas that of ‘Fuji’ only increased from 2.13% to 3.90% (1.8-fold). This pronounced increase in ‘Delicious’ was accompanied by a significant increase in air space volume and a reduction in expressible juice. Furthermore, the occurrence of mealiness in ‘Delicious’ involved a sharp increase in respiration rate and ethylene production, alongside rapid declines in firmness and starch content. Notably, there was a substantial accumulation of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and chelator-soluble pectin (CSP) in ‘Delicious’, whereas the content of Na2CO3-soluble pectin (NSP) remained consistently lower. Monosaccharide composition analysis confirmed significantly reduced arabinose and galactose levels across pectin fractions (WSP, CSP, and NSP) in ‘Delicious’. Correspondingly, immunofluorescence labeling showed a pronounced degradation of arabinan and galactan within the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). In addition, the activities of pectin methylesterase, α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, and β-D-Galactosidase remained significantly elevated in ‘Delicious’. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that cultivar differences in flesh mealiness are attributable to divergent physiological senescence and cell wall disassembly processes.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe deep-seated fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus . In recent years, its global incidence has shown a marked upward trend, posing a serious threat especially to immunocompromised patients, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and individuals on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The core clinical dilemmas lie in the difficulty of early diagnosis and the narrow therapeutic window. Currently used clinical diagnostic indicators, including the galactomannan (GM) assay, (1,3)-β-D-glucan(G) assay, and imaging examinations, suffer from insufficient sensitivity or specificity, while traditional microbiological detection methods have a relatively long turnaround time. S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are both key molecules in the innate immune response of the human body, playing central roles in the immune regulation of infectious diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that both molecules are abnormally expressed in IPA patients and may participate in the processes of Aspergillus infection recognition, immune clearance, and inflammatory regulation through synergistic effects, thereby providing new directions for the early diagnosis, disease assessment, and targeted therapy of IPA. This review will systematically elaborate on the molecular characteristics of S100A12 and PTX3, explore their synergistic mechanism and combined diagnostic value in IPA, and analyze their prospects for clinical application.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Nutrition • 2026

This study investigated the dynamic changes in rice quality, microbial communities, and volatile compound profiles during simulated summer transportation (35 °C, 70% RH, 15 days). Indica rice samples were systematically collected every 3 days and analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS, HS-GC-IMS, and metagenomic sequencing. Prolonged transportation significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the rice. Moisture content plateaued on day 12, while germination rates declined significantly starting from day 6. Furthermore, fatty acid values increased continuously due to accelerated lipid hydrolysis and oxidation. Visible mold growth became evident on day 12, marking a critical tipping point for quality deterioration. The odor activity value (OAV) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analyses revealed that the decline in unsaturated fatty aldehydes such as (E)-2-nonenal and the significant accumulation of alcohols, ketones, and short-chain esters, including 1-octen-3-ol and ethyl acetate, drove the transition from a “fresh and fatty” aroma to one characterized by moldy, fermented, and pungent notes. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a profound ecosystem shift from bacterial dominance (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) to fungal dominance. Notably, Lichtheimia surged from lt;0.01% to 23.95%, becoming the dominant genus, while Aspergillus increased from 0.03% to 4.57%. Correlation analysis indicated that while Pseudomonas was associated with elevated fatty acid levels, the flavor shift was primarily linked to microbial succession. These findings provide insights into the synergistic mechanisms of rice spoilage and suggest that specific volatile markers could serve as early warning indicators for quality control in real-world grain logistics.

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Antioxidants • 2026

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable byproducts of cellular metabolism and are normally controlled by tightly regulated antioxidant systems. Red blood cells (RBCs) are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to their high oxygen exposure and iron content. In sickle cell disease (SCD), this vulnerability is exacerbated, as sickled RBCs generate chronically elevated ROS that contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. This review examines emerging evidence linking oxidative stress responses to regulation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression through protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs catalyze arginine methylation of histone and non-histone substrates, thereby shaping chromatin structure, transcriptional programs, and translational control. We highlight recent findings demonstrating that specific PRMTs regulate γ-globin expression through distinct mechanisms, including transcriptional repression at the β-globin locus and post-transcriptional control of γ-globin mRNA translation. We propose that oxidative stress signaling may modulate PRMT activity, creating a mechanistic link between cellular stress responses and HbF induction. Because HbF inhibits pathological hemoglobin S polymerization, PRMT-dependent pathways represent an attractive therapeutic axis for SCD and related β-hemoglobinopathies. By integrating oxidative stress biology with PRMT-mediated epigenetic and translational regulation, this review outlines a unifying framework for HbF control, identifies critical knowledge gaps, and highlights future directions for the development of targeted epigenetic therapies.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Blood Advances • 2026

Abstract CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized treatment for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R-DLBCL), but challenges such as posttreatment failure and immune-related adverse events (AEs) persist. This study explores the gut microbiome as a predictive biomarker for CAR T-cell therapy outcomes and toxicity. Stool and serum samples from patients with R/R-DLBCL were analyzed at apheresis (47 samples) and 1 month after infusion (32 samples) using whole-genome sequencing metagenomics. When compared with healthy controls and newly-diagnosed DLBCL, R/R-DLBCL showed significant gut dysbiosis, characterized by increased Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. Responders had higher levels of Bacteroides fragilis, whereas nonresponders exhibited higher levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Functional metagenomic analysis suggested enrichment of inosine biosynthesis pathways in responders, and elevated serum inosine demonstrated an exploratory association with improved progression-free survival. Distinct microbial taxa and serum fatty acid profiles were also linked to CAR T-cell–related AEs, with higher acetate and butyrate levels in patients without AEs and increased isovalerate in those with AEs. These findings indicate that gut microbiome features—particularly Bacteroides fragilis and inosine metabolism—may serve as candidate biomarkers for CAR T-cell therapy outcomes and toxicity. However, given the exploratory nature of these analyses and the limited cohort size, results should be interpreted cautiously. Larger, prospective studies will be required to validate these observations and to assess the potential of microbiome-based strategies to optimize CAR T-cell therapy in R/R-DLBCL.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Blood Advances • 2026

Abstract Patients with TP53 mutant mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) face poor chemotherapy response and early progression, requiring novel therapies. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage enzyme overexpressed in MCL cell lines and patient tissues, emerges as a therapeutic target. The NAMPT inhibitor KPT-9274 reduced viability and induced apoptosis in MCL cells irrespective of TP53 status. Mechanistic studies reveal a striking dichotomy: in TP53 mutant cells, NAMPT inhibition triggers synthetic lethality through catastrophic DNA damage response (DDR) pathway disruption, whereas in TP53 wild-type cells, it selectively suppresses B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and immune checkpoint activation. This biological divergence translates to clinically actionable synergies: TP53 mutant cells exhibit marked sensitization to alkylating agents and DDR-targeting therapies, whereas TP53 wild-type models show potential for overcoming BTK inhibitor resistance. In vivo studies confirm that NAMPT-based combinations achieve profound tumor regression in TP53 mutant xenografts without exacerbating toxicity. Our findings establish NAMPT as a dual-context therapeutic node, providing a precision medicine framework to circumvent chemoresistance in high-risk MCL. These results advocate for the clinical evaluation of TP53 status–guided NAMPT inhibitor combinations to address this unmet oncologic challenge.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

World Journal of Methodology • 2026

BACKGROUND Red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the red blood cell size variation. Elevated RDW has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. AIM To analyze current evidence on the prognostic significance of high RDW in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up to May 2024. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between RDW levels and outcomes in HF patients. compared to those in the lowest quartile. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. compared to those in the lowest quartile. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic, we assessed the impact of individual studies on the overall estimate using a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and publication bias was evaluated through a contour-enhanced funnel plot and Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index. RESULTS Seven studies, including a total of 11460 HF patients, were analyzed. The participants' mean age varied between 60 years and 80 years, with 6562 (57.26%) in the lower quartile. Patients in the highest quartile of RDW ( 15.21%) had a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.84 (95%CI: 1.31-2.57, P 0.001), compared to those in the lowest quartile (RDW: 14.1%-15.20%). There was significant variability in the included studies' results (I 2 = 93%, P 0.01), as well as potential publication bias suggested by the high LFK index (8.47). Sensitivity analysis reinforced the robustness of these findings, showing that the results were not unduly influenced by any single study. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms that high RDW is a robust predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with HF, highlighting its potential utility as a simple, cost-effective biomarker for risk stratification. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying this association and exploring the potential benefits of RDW-guided therapeutic strategies in HF management.

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Biosensors • 2026

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a high-priority environmental pollutant due to its strong oxidizing properties, which cause DNA damage and other severe health effects. Conventional detection methods are often costly and lack real-time monitoring capabilities, creating a strong demand for cost-effective, real-time biosensors that meet industrial requirements. In this study, we developed a novel biosensor for continuous Cr(VI) monitoring using a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The biological element is an engineered Escherichia coli strain ( ChrA-ChrB-E. coli ), constructed by introducing Cr(VI)-resistant ( ChrA ) and Cr(VI)-reducing ( ChrB ) genes. The presence of Cr(VI) affects bacterial metabolism and electron transfer within the MFC, generating a measurable signal proportional to the contaminant's concentration. The biosensor demonstrated robust performance and characteristics. The recombinant strain retained functional activity after 450 days of storage at -20 °C. The system exhibited high sensitivity and excellent linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.999) across a broad Cr(VI) concentration range of 0.015-200 mg/L. During continuous monitoring of chrome tanning and electroplating wastewater, measurements deviated by less than 2.33% from the standard diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method; electroplating deviation was further reduced to -0.69% with EDTA pretreatment. In fishery water, the deviation was higher (-7.12%) due to dissolved oxygen (DO) interference but was reduced to -0.75% after mechanical stirring to remove DO. The biofilm bacterial community remained highly stable over six months in both wastewater types, with the inoculated ChrA-ChrB-E. coli strain maintaining dominance (>99.6%). These results substantiate the feasibility of using this biosensor for continuous, online, real-time detection of Cr(VI) in actual wastewater environments.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

Seaweeds (SWs) have been widely used in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical industries, and biofuel production (especially biogas) and have been well-reviewed. Recently, emerging research has explored the SWs utilization in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electricity production. However, no review provides a comprehensive scenario for SWs conversion in MFCs for biofuel generation. Thus, the motivation of this review is to provide an in-depth insight into the SWs utilization as anodic substrates, cathode oxygenators, and electrode modifiers. Strategies for integrating SWs-based MFCs with other systems have been discussed. This review also went one step deeper by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in SWs-based MFCs. Brown SWs Laminaria digitata (carbohydrates, 51.9%) showed potential as anodic substrate by achieving power density up to 120 mW m -2 , while green SWs Ulva intestinalis (carbohydrates, 55.4%) as cathodic photosynthetic oxygenation enhanced power density up to 46.15 mW m -2 . SWs-derived biochar electrodes improve power output to 45.2 W m -3 . The co-substrates of SWs with protein and lipid-rich can be a potential approach for boosting electricity generation. The AI integration models (XGBoost and deep neural networks) might offer advanced optimization for operational conditions. Future research should focus on novel electrode materials and genetically engineered microbes to maximize electricity production in SWs-based MFCs.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Small methods • 2026

Efficient oxygen reduction at the cathode remains a critical bottleneck in advancing bio-electrochemical energy conversion, necessitating integrated experimental and atomistic-level understanding. 2D polymeric nanomaterials offer stable, nitrogen-rich frameworks as sustainable alternatives to platinum catalysts. However, their poor conductivity and low active-site density hinder oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), create an inefficient two-electron pathway, and limit the use of bio(electrochemical) devices for power generation. Lanthanide incorporation, owing to their unique redox and electronic properties, offers a promising route to overcome these shortcomings. In this investigation, lanthanides (RE) were incorporated into graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (g-C 3 N 4 NPs) via one-pot synthesis, resulting in structural and electronic modifications confirmed by experiments and simulations, thereby enhancing their suitability for bio(electrochemical) systems. High-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) shows lattice distortion and nanosheet corrugation after lanthanide incorporation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms mixed RE 3+ /RE 4+ states and valence-band modulation, which agrees well with density of states (DOS) calculations indicating Ce/Gd 4f-π hybridization near the Fermi level. Density functional theory (DFT) charge-density and adsorption analyses reveal that lanthanide sites stabilize key ORR intermediates and lower the reaction overpotential, favoring a four-electron pathway. This is consistent with the experimentally observed electron transfer number of n ≈ 3.9. Electrochemical tests show improved ORR activity for Gd-g-C 3 N 4 NPs, with an onset potential of 0.81 V vs RHE and performance approaching Pt/C. When used as a microbial fuel cell cathode, Gd-g-C 3 N 4 NPs deliver higher power output and COD removal, along with low peroxide yield, good stability, and strong methanol tolerance. When Gd-g-C 3 N 4 NPs are used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as cathode catalysts, they achieve a peak power density of 447 mW m -2 and 83% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, outperforming both pristine and Ce-based variants. The catalyst also demonstrated a low peroxide yield (< 5%), excellent stability, and superior methanol tolerance compared with Pt/C. This investigation offers mechanistic insights from integrated experimental and computational approaches to advance efficient electrocatalysts for power generation in MFCs and clean energy and water systems.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

ACS omega • 2026

Self-powered systems have emerged as transformative technologies that address the growing demand for sustainable, autonomous, and miniaturized energy solutions for next-generation biomedical devices. Unlike conventional sensors and therapeutic platforms that rely on external power sources or batteries, self-powered nanogeneratorsbased on piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid nanogeneratorscan harvest biomechanical or environmental energy to enable continuous operation. This review highlights the basics of nanogenerator mechanisms and material innovations, extending to their strategic integration into advanced biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on applications such as regenerative hair growth techniques using electrical stimulation, motion-triggered drug release patches that ensure precise and sustained delivery, biocompatible electronic skin (E-skin) for real-time physiological sensing, wearable devices for continuous health monitoring, sweat-resistant wearables, hearing aids, ligament strain and bladder sensors, respiration-driven monitors, smart eye sensors, and scaffolds for cardiovascular and bone tissue repair through bioelectric cues. By evaluating both the opportunities and challenges, including energy conversion efficiency, long-term biocompatibility, device stability, and large-scale fabrication, this review provides a balanced outlook on the future of self-powered biomedical systems. The insights presented herein not only underscore their clinical and technological relevance but also identify key research directions required to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and practical healthcare applications.

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Current opinion in biotechnology • 2026

The intensifying climate crisis necessitates a global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. To meet this demand, metabolic engineering has become a pivotal strategy for developing microorganisms as efficient cell factories capable of producing fuels and fuel precursors. Among the biofuel platforms, fatty acid-based fuels are particularly promising, offering energy densities comparable to those of petroleum-based fuels. Recent advances in systems metabolic engineering, including metabolic pathway optimization, cofactor balancing, and dynamic regulation, have significantly improved the microbial production of key fuels and intermediates such as alka(e)nes, and fatty acid esters. In this review, we discuss recent progress in metabolic engineering strategies for microbial production of representative fatty acid-based fuels, highlighting current technological challenges and future directions.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

The long-term performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) depends on microbial communities whose composition strongly influences electron transfer and substrate utilization. The presence of environmental pollutants can cause changes in microbial abundance and biodiversity and have an effect on the MFC efficacy; however, their long-term operational stability under environmental stress remains insufficiently explored. This study assessed the long-term performance of MFCs using river sediment organic matter as the energy, electron, and carbon source during exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The MFC-PFOA (MFC with PFOA) system operated effectively for 10 months, achieving a maximum voltage of 461.9 mV and a peak current density of 14.5 mA/m 2 , significantly outperforming the control cell. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis confirmed a 94.9 % reduction in PFOA concentration and detected perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), indicating possible partial transformation and/or redistribution processes within the bioelectrochemical system. Additionally, bacterial community analysis revealed a shift in microbial composition, with Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota becoming dominant, suggesting their roles in current generation and biotransformation of PFOA. Overall, this work demonstrates long-term bioelectricity generation in the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollutants, while indicating partial attenuation and compositional changes of PFOA under bioelectrochemical conditions, thus providing valuable insights into the robustness of bioelectrochemical systems for energy recovery in contaminated environments.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

To simultaneously enhance electricity generation and phosphorus removal in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), iron-carbon composite anodes were developed using high-purity iron sheets and Fe 2 O 3 particles. The results indicated that the Fe/Fe 2 O 3 ratio was the key determinant of MFC performance, with the 2:1 anode achieving the highest phosphorus removal efficiency and superior electricity generation, representing increases of 46.95% and 24.29% compared with the control, respectively. Fe 2 O 3 promoted the enrichment of iron-reducing bacteria, thereby alleviating the passivation of iron sheets and mitigating the decline of Fe 2+ release. The sustained Fe 2+ not only facilitated efficient phosphorus removal through the synergistic effect of vivianite-dominated chemical precipitation and biological phosphorus uptake but also promoted the enrichment of electroactive microorganisms and extracellular electron transfer, driving high electricity generation. These findings suggest that iron-carbon composite anodes can effectively enhance both the electrochemical performance and phosphorus removal efficiency of MFCs.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemistry & Chemical Technology • 2026

In this study, fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers were synthesized using varying proportions of sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide (Na₂SiO₃/ NaOH 10M) solution, ranging from 49% in the 51FA sample to 67% in the 33FA sample, used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in water. Following curing at 60°C for 24 h, the porosity of the resulting geopolymers decreased, attributed to the enhanced polycondensation process driven by the increased Na₂SiO₃ content, which resulted in the formation of a more compact gel structure in the obtained geopolymer. The Weber–Morris model indicated that surface interactions with MB molecules were predominant in the 51FA sample, while pore-filling mechanisms were more pronounced in the 33FA geopolymer. Adsorption experiments revealed that all geopolymer samples conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, with correlation coefficients approaching unity.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Water • 2026

This study addresses the pressing issue of high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater, such as landfill leachate, by developing immobilized microbial beads that combine high mechanical strength with efficient denitrification performance. The beads were prepared using a composite of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and diatomite (DE), with a dual-ion (Ca2+-Al3+) stepwise cross-linking technique to encapsulate Alcaligenes faecalis. The material ratios were systematically optimized through single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM), identifying the optimal conditions as: SA 2.0%, CMC 1.5%, DE 1.0%, CaCl2 2.25%, and Al2(SO4)3 2.0%. Under these conditions, the beads achieved a mechanical strength of 3.20 N and exhibited an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 93.10% after 96 h of treating actual landfill leachate (NH3-N ≈ 1000 mg/L). In conclusion, the SA-CMC-DE dual-ion cross-linked beads demonstrate structural stability and efficient mass transfer, offering an economically viable and novel solution for the treatment of high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

[object Object], [object Object]

Research Square • 2026

Abstract Adsorption technology is a promising alternative to conventional methods in wastewater treatment owing to its easiness and efficiency to remove even low-concentration nitrate and recover it. In this regard, advanced materials such as nanobiochar (derived from biomass) have shown significant promise as adsorbents. However, pure biochar often lacks sufficient effectiveness and is hard to reuse. Therefore, this research introduces an effective nitrate adsorbent based on aluminum-lanthanum (Al-La) modified nano-biochar (AL-LaCHNBC) derived from coffee husks. The adsorbent was synthesized by first digesting the coffee husk with acid, followed by a co-precipitation step. Standard characterization methods, including FTIR, XRD, and DLS, were used to evaluate the new materials. Through a series of batch adsorption experiments, its efficiency for removing nitrate was tested across various conditions, specifically examining the impact of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The study found that an acidic environment significantly enhanced the adsorption process, achieving a maximum of 98% nitrate removal efficiency at pH 2. The optimum equilibrium nitrate adsorption capability achieved in work was 41.75 mg·g −1 under the optimal conditions of: 25 o C temperature, pH of 2, 55 minutes contact time, 20 mg/L of initial nitrate, and 40 mg/mL of adsorbent dose. The data strongly adhered to the Freundlich isotherm (R 2  = 0.9915), suggesting that the adsorbent surface is heterogeneous. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 = 0.979), which implies that chemisorption is the primary mechanism of adsorption. The process was confirmed to be endothermic and spontaneous based on the thermodynamic analysis. The AL-LaCHNBC adsorbent proved to be recyclable using NaOH and HCl as effective eluents, and the recovered nitrate was successfully utilized as a fertilizer for growing white onion and bean seeds. Notably, when tested on real wastewater from the Akaki River, the adsorbent maintained a high maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 96.6 from 8.02 mg/L in the presence of other competing ions.

[object Object]

Applied and Computational Engineering • 2026

Graphene aerogel, as a three-dimensional material with excellent physicochemical properties, richly porous structure and high specific surface area, has a broad application prospect in the field of water pollutant adsorption. This paper systematically reviews the preparation and modification technology of graphene aerogel, as well as the adsorption mechanism and performance characteristics of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, and its synergistic removal behavior in the composite pollution system. It can be demonstrated that modification strategies, including element doping, composite functional materials, and surface modification, significantly improve the adsorption capacity and selectivity of materials to heavy metal ions such as Pb and Cd and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antibiotics. However, unclear cooperative adsorption mechanism, insufficient cyclic stability and high scale cost are probably existing problems in practical applications. Future research should pay more attention to the micro-methological exploration of the collaborative removal of multiple pollutants, the precise design of material structure and the development of engineering application technology, to promote the practical application of graphene aerogel-based adsorption materials in the field of water treatment.