Banu Taşkan

Environmental Research and Technology • 2021

Grapes are among the most widely grown fruits globally, with a third of the overall production used in winemaking. Both red and white winemaking processes generate significant amounts of solid organic waste such as grape marc that requires proper disposal. Grape marc, a natural plant product containing abundantly lignocellulosic compounds, is a promising raw material for production of renewable energy. In this study, the grape marc was used as an anode nutrient in the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) system, and the electricity generation capacity of the grape marc as an environmentally friendly energy source was investigated in detail. The maximum power density produced in the ML-MFC reactor was determined as 274.9 mW m-2, and the total internal resistance was 309.5 Ω. Cyclic voltammetry results showed the presence of electroactive microorganisms on the surface of the anode electrode provided a high biological activity. The presence of elliptical and round-shaped microorganisms on the anode electrode surface was observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyzes have shown that grape marc supports bacterial growth on the electrode surface.

Lohit Kumar Srinivas Gujjala, Deblina Dutta, Pooja Sharma et al.

Chemosphere • 2021

The rapid growth in population has increased the demand for potable water. Available technologies for its generation are the desalination of sea water through reverse osmosis, electrodialysis etc., which are energy and cost intensive. In this context, microbial desalination cell (MDC) presents a low-cost and sustainable option which can simultaneously treat wastewater, desalinate saline water, produce electrical energy and recover nutrients from wastewater. This review paper is focussed on presenting a detailed analysis of MDCs starting from the principle of operation, microbial community analysis, basic architecture, evolution in design, operational challenges, effect of process parameters, scale-up studies, application in multiple arenas and future prospects. After thorough review, it can be inferred that MDCs can be used as a stand-alone option or pre-treatment step for conventional desalination techniques without the application of external energy. MDCs have been used in multiple applications ranging from desalination, remediation of contaminated water, recovery of energy and nutrients from wastewater, softening of hardwater, biohydrogen production to degradation of waste engine oil. Although, MDCs have been used for multiple applications, still a number of operational challenges have been reported viz., interference of co-existing ions during desalination, membrane fouling, pH imbalance and limited potential of exoelectrogens. However, the re-circulation of anolytes with electrodialysis chamber has led to the maintenance of optimal pH for favourable microbial growth leading to improvement in the overall performance of MDCs. In future, genetic engineering may be used for improving the electrogenic activity of microbial community, next generation materials may be used as anode and cathode, varied sources of wastewater may be explored as anolytes, life cycle analysis and exergy analysis may be carried out to study the impact on environment and detailed pilot scale studies have to be carried out for assessing the feasibility of operation at large scale.

Maha Mehanna, Patrick D Kiely, Douglas F Call et al.

Environmental science & technology • 2010

A new approach to water desalination is to use exoelectrogenic bacteria to generate electrical power from the biodegradation of organic matter, moving charged ions from a middle chamber between two membranes in a type of microbial fuel cell called a microbial desalination cell. Desalination efficiency using this approach is limited by the voltage produced by the bacteria. Here we examine an alternative strategy based on boosting the voltage produced by the bacteria to achieve hydrogen gas evolution from the cathode using a three-chambered system we refer to as a microbial electrodialysis cell (MEDC). We examined the use of the MEDC process using two different initial NaCl concentrations of 5 g/L and 20 g/L. Conductivity in the desalination chamber was reduced by up to 68 ± 3% in a single fed-batch cycle, with electrical energy efficiencies reaching 231 ± 59%, and maximum hydrogen production rates of 0.16 ± 0.05 m(3) H(2)/m(3) d obtained at an applied voltage of 0.55 V. The advantage of this system compared to a microbial fuel cell approach is that the potentials between the electrodes can be better controlled, and the hydrogen gas that is produced can be used to recover energy to make the desalination process self-sustaining with respect to electrical power requirements.

Simone Perazzoli, José Pedro de Santana Neto, Hugo M Soares

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research • 2019

Bioelectrochemical systems are emerging as a promising and friendly alternative to convert the energy stored in wastewater directly into electricity by microorganisms and utilize it in situ to drive desalination. To better understand such processes, we propose the development of an anoxic biocathode microbial desalination Cell for the conversion of carbon- and nitrogen-rich wastewaters into bioenergy and to perform salt removal. Our results demonstrate a power output of 0.425 W m-3 with desalination, organic matter removal and nitrate conversion efficiencies of 43.69, 99.85 and 92.11% respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum in the anode (88.45%) and biocathode (97.13%). While a relatively higher bacterial abundance was developed in the anode chamber, the biocathode showed a greater variety of microorganisms, with a predominance of Paracoccus (73.2%), which are related to the denitrification process. These findings are promising and provide new opportunities for the development and application of this technology in the field of wastewater treatment to produce cleaner water and conserve natural resources.

Aman Dongre, Nitesh Kumar Poddar, Rakesh Kumar Sharma et al.

3 Biotech • 2021

Microbial desalination cells (MDC) are evaluated as an environmentally friendly approach for purifying saline water by using power generated by the decomposition of organic materials in the wastewater. The present study is to evaluate the ferrocyanide-redox and biocathode approach in treating simulated saline water and subsequently recovering bio-electricity using actual domestic reverse osmosis reject water. For the desalination of simulated saline water and domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a three-chamber microbial desalination cell with graphite electrodes and anion and cation exchange membranes was constructed. When treating simulated saline water, the biocathode technique achieved a 5% improvement in salt removal and a 4.9% increase in current and power density when compared to the ferrocyanide-redox approach. When biocathode MDC was used to treat domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a maximum current and power density of 3.81 μA/cm2 and 0.337 μW/cm2, respectively, were recorded, as well as COD removal of 83.9% at the desalination chamber and ions reduction for Na, K, and Ca of up to 79%, 76.5%, and 72%, respectively, in a batch operation for 31 days with a stable pH (≈ 7). Thus, the study revealed a microbial desalination cell capable of recovering bioenergy and reducing salt from domestic reverse osmosis reject water with a consistent pH range.

Li Guang, Desmond Ato Koomson, Huang Jingyu et al.

International journal of environmental research and public health • 2020

The tri-functional purpose of Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) has shown a great promise in our current scarcity of water, an increase in water pollution and the high cost of electricity production. As a biological system, the baseline force that drives its performance is the presence of exoelectrogens in the anode chamber. Their presence in the anodic chamber of MDC systems enables the treatment of water, desalination of seawater, and the production of electrical energy. This study reviews the characteristics of exoelectrogens, as a driving force in MDC and examines factors which influence their growth and the performance efficiency of MDC systems. It also addresses the efficiency of mixed cultures with certain predominant species as compared to pure cultures used in MDC systems. Furthermore, the study suggests the need to genetically modify certain predominant strains in mixed cultures to enhance their performance in COD removal, desalination and power output and the integration of MDC with other technologies for cost-effective processes.

Ummy Mardiana

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development • 2020

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) built on surface modification has been studied for seawater desalination. Herein, the bio-catalytic surface modification for maintenance the long-term MDC performance during desalination process has been developed. The goal of this study is to provide and develop a seawater desalination system without requiring energy support by applying a modification of anode as an electron acceptor, and the different potential charges that occur between anode and cathode can play as driving force for electrodialysis of seawater desalination. Yeast has been applied as biocatalyst, meanwhile neutral red has been chosen as redox mediator to facilitate the electron transport from bioactivity of cells. Several types of surface modification have been conducted, i.e. biocatalyst-mediator immobilization and electropolymerization of NR at the surface of the anode. The optimization of each device has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and observed in Microbial fuel cell (MFC) prior functioned in MDC. The concentrations of salt ion migration have been determined by Ion Exchange Chromatography. MFC results reported that the best configuration of surface modification was obtained from CF/PNR then applied in MDC. CF/PNR delivered the highly significant performance by having the maximum value of all tested parameters, i.e 42.2% of current efficiency; 27.11% of bio-devices efficiency; 92.5 mA m-2 of current density and also 61% of NaCl transport. The profiles of surface devices have been detected by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A several spherical shapes around 4 nm within alginate layer have been detected from SEM images and it was confirmed as yeast, meanwhile 5.04% of N has been found from EDX spectrum and was indicated from PNR. The results show that surface modification could be a promising method for bioelectricity generation which simultaneously produces electricity and seawater desalination and provides a green chemistry technology.

Shuyue Ma, Yifan Zhang, Lingli Tu et al.

Environmental research • 2024

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient strategy for enhancing H2 production in the single-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) using food waste leachate as a substrate. Different pH (8.5, 9.5, 10.5, and 11.2), applied voltage (0.8, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 V) and negative pressure control (-50 kPa) were tested in the single-chamber MEC. Suitable pH adjustment could greatly promote electricity generation and H2 production rather than negative pressure control. Under pH of 11.5 and 2.4 V, the maximum current density reached 121.9 ± 10.9 A/m³ with an average H2 concentration of 91.9 ± 3.2% in a 1.2-L single-chamber MEC within 30 continuous cycles of operation (∼607 h), which was constructed with carbon brushes as the anode and stainless steel brushes as the cathode. The maximum H2 production rate reached 853.2 ± 70.3 L/m³•d with an H2 yield of 26.3 mmol•H2/g•COD. The COD removal of 68.3 ± 6.8% and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra of the effluent in the MEC within 21 ± 3h indicated efficient organics degradation in the leachate. Our results should provide a promising way to enhance the H2 production of MEC during leachate treatment.

Junyoung Sim, Robertson Reid, Abid Hussain et al.

Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) • 2017

A pilot-scale dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) equipped with a carbon gas-diffusion cathode was evaluated for H2O2 production using acetate medium as the electron donor. To assess the effect of cathodic pH on H2O2 yield, the MEC was tested with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and a cation exchange membrane (CEM), respectively. The maximum current density reached 0.94-0.96 A/m2 in the MEC at applied voltage of 0.35-1.9 V, regardless of membranes. The highest H2O2 conversion efficiency was only 7.2 ± 0.09% for the CEM-MEC. This low conversion would be due to further H2O2 reduction to H2O on the cathode or H2O2 decomposition in bulk liquid. This low H2O2 conversion indicates that large-scale MECs are not ideal for production of concentrated H2O2 but could be useful for a sustainable in-situ oxidation process in wastewater treatment.

Xian-Wei Liu, Wen-Wei Li, Han-Qing Yu

Chemical Society reviews • 2014

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), in which microorganisms are utilized as a self-regenerable catalyst at the anode of an electrochemical cell to directly extract electrical energy from organic matter, have been widely recognized as a promising technology for energy-efficient wastewater treatment or even for net energy generation. However, currently BES performance is constrained by poor cathode reaction kinetics. Thus, there is a strong impetus to improve the cathodic catalysis performance through proper selection and design of catalysts. This review introduces the fundamentals and current development status of various cathodic catalysts (including electrocatalysts, photoelectrocatalysts and bioelectrocatalysts) in BES, identifies their limitations and influential factors, compares their catalytic performances in terms of catalytic efficiency, stability, selectivity, etc., and discusses the possible optimization strategies and future research directions. Special focus is given on the analysis of how the catalytic performance of different catalysts can be improved by fine tuning their physicochemical or physiological properties.

Akshay Jain, Zhen He

npj Clean Water • 2018

AbstractBioelectrochemical systems (BES) have been intensively studied as a new technology for wastewater treatment. However, the treatment efficiency of BES anodes is limited and the anode effluent usually cannot be directly discharged or reused. To enhance the treatment, BES cathodes may be used for additional treatment of selected contaminants. This has been investigated in a number of approaches, which can be grouped into cathode-stimulated treatment and cathode-supported treatment. The former involves electron transfer directly to reduce contaminants like nitrate or dye compounds, while the latter can accomplish contaminant removal by aerobic oxidation, algal growth, production of strong oxidants for advanced oxidation, and/or membrane treatment. This paper aims to provide a concise view and discussion on the cathode-promoted wastewater treatment in BES, analyze challenges pertaining to the cathode treatment, and offer suggestions on the future development of BES for maximized treatment performance.

Gabriele Beretta, Matteo Daghio, Anna Espinoza Tofalos et al.

Water • 2020

Groundwater is the environmental matrix that is most frequently affected by anthropogenic hexavalent chromium contamination. Due to its carcinogenicity, Cr(VI) has to be removed, using environmental-friendly and economically sustainable remediation technologies. BioElectrochemical Systems (BESs), applied to bioremediation, thereby offering a promising alternative to traditional bioremediation techniques, without affecting the natural groundwater conditions. Some bacterial families are capable of oxidizing and/or reducing a solid electrode obtaining an energetic advantage for their own growth. In the present study, we assessed the possibility of stimulating bioelectrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in a dual-chamber polarized system using an electrode as the sole energy source. To develop an electroactive microbial community three electrodes were, at first, inserted into the anodic compartment of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell, and inoculated with sludge from an anaerobic digester. After a period of acclimation, one electrode was transferred into a polarized system and it was fixed at −0.3 V (versus standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), to promote the reduction of 1000 µg Cr(VI) L−1. A second electrode, served for the set-up of an open circuit control, operated in parallel. Cr(VI) dissolved concentration was analysed at the initial, during the experiment and final time by spectrophotometric method. Initial and final microbial characterization of the communities enriched in polarized system and open circuit control was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bioelectrode set at −0.3 V showed high Cr(VI) removal efficiency (up to 93%) and about 150 µg L−1 day−1 removal rate. Similar efficiency was observed in the open circuit (OC) even at about half rate. Whereas, purely electrochemical reduction, limited to 35%, due to neutral operating conditions. These results suggest that bioelectrochemical Cr(VI) removal by polarized electrode offers a promising new and sustainable approach to the treatment of groundwater Cr(VI) plumes, deserving further research.

NUR FARUNITA MOHAMAD, IVY AI WEI TAN, MOHAMMAD OMAR ABDULLAH et al.

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology • 2024

Landfill leachate discharged into watercourse without proper treatment can pollute the water source due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The high pollutant load in landfill leachate has become one of the potential substrates in bio-energy generation by using microbial fuel cell (MFC). MFC integrated with adsorption system has been introduced as an approach to overcome the limitation of stand-alone MFC, which is able to treat the landfill leachate more effectively while simultaneously generating bio-energy. Anode size has been reported to have a significant influence on the power generation of MFC via lab-scale experiments, however the simulation studies on MFC are still limited. This study aimed to develop a simulation model to predict the effect of graphite fiber brush anode size on the performance of a single chamber air-cathode hybrid MFC-Adsorption system, in terms of COD removal and bio-energy generation. The highest power density of 1.33 mW/m2 was achieved with 20% anode brush removed. The highest current generation of 2.37 mA and voltage of 7.11 mV was obtained with the largest anode surface area of 0.1288 m2 and resistance of 2.76 Ω. The highest COD consumption by electrogenic microorganisms was 4.96 x 10-9 Lmol/mg, and predicted to decrease with decreasing anode size. The efficiency of the simulation model could be further improved by incorporating parameters such as charge transfer kinetic at anode and cathode, adsorption effect by activated carbon as well as the substrate and microbial population behaviour. The simulation model developed was significant towards enhancing the bio-energy generation and reducing the cost of MFC for industrial application.

Soraya Annisa Putri, Akbar Nugroho Confera, Syafrudin Syafrudin et al.

Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan • 2020

Organic waste is a type of waste produced by many sector, which need to managed appropriately. During its development, composting is one of the organic waste management efforts that is often be applied, Another alternative organic waste management in the form of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has emerged. Several researchers conducted studies on MFC performance which was influenced by many factors, especially the electrode which contributes to the electron transfer process. This study has a concern about energy optimization through CSMFC technology using different electrode’s material. Electrode materials from Graphene and Graphit has good electro-conductivity and has a large surface area, making it suitable for bacteria to adhere. The sampled reactors are consists of two types of electrodes in the form of graphite and graphene. Each materials has anode and cathode ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. The samples measured into three kinds, which called a mature compost measurement, electrochemical measurement, and biochemical measurement. Some collected sampling data were then processed and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The processed and analyzed data included the calculation of power density, total N, C/N ratio, and moisture content. Any data like voltage (V) and electric current (I) are needed to obtain a power density. The highest average voltage, current, power and power density are produced by the N3 reactor (graphene 3:1) that is 269 x 10-3 V, 163 x 10-6 A, 56 x 10-6 Watt and 1.914 x 10-3 W / m2. There is no significant effect of variations in the type of electrode (graphite and graphene) on CSMFC performances.

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AMB Express • 2011

Benthic species of algae and cyanobacteria (i.e., those that grow on surfaces), may provide potential advantages over planktonic species for some commercial-scale biotechnological applications. A multitude of different designs of photobioreactor (PBR) are available for growing planktonic species but to date there has been little research on PBR for benthic algae or cyanobacteria. One notable advantage of some benthic cyanobacterial species is that during their growth cycle they become positively buoyant, detach from the growth surface and form floating mats. This 'self-harvesting' capability could be advantageous in commercial PBRs as it would greatly reduce dewatering costs. In this study we compared the growth rates and efficiency of 'self-harvesting' among three species of benthic cyanobacteria; Phormidium autumnale; Phormidium murrayi and Planktothrix sp.. Phormidium autumnale produced the greatest biomass and formed cohesive mats once detached. Using this strain and an optimised MLA media, a variety of geometries of benthic PBRs (bPBRs) were trialed. The geometry and composition of growth surface had a marked effect on cyanobacterial growth. The highest biomass was achieved in a bPBR comprising of a vertical polyethylene bag with loops of silicone tubing to provide additional growth surfaces. The productivity achieved in this bPBR was a similar order of magnitude as planktonic species, with the additional advantage that towards the end of the exponential phase the bulk of the biomass detached forming a dense mat at the surface of the medium.

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Qeios • 2024

In recent years microbial fuel cells have been studied for their biosensing properties. Consequently, sediment microbial fuel cells (sMFCs) have been found to be able to detect minor oil spills in freshwater. However, it was previously unknown whether sMFC properties as a biosensor would be able to produce the same results in a saltwater environment. Therefore, sMFCs at various external resistances (220 Ω, 300 Ω, 430 Ω, 510 Ω, 1000 Ω and 2000 Ω) were assembled to assess their ability to detect oil in seawater. The results indicated that an ER of 1k Ω is optimal for sMFC power generation, and that as oil was added to the cathode of the sMFCs, there was a clear and gradual decrease in the voltage output due to the oil’s interference with oxygen dissolvability in seawater; However, the relationship between the change in voltage and change in time was less linear than the change observed in previous studies, and inconsistent across the different voltages. The variation observed may be due to the absence of a catalyst, such as platinum, which would have sped up the rate of the decrease in voltage. This study illustrates that sMFCs provide a cost effective and environmentally friendly method to detect minor oil spills in seawater.

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IEEE Access • 2019

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BioEnergy Research • 2024

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2023

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an emerging electrochemical technology currently being researched as a CO 2 sequestration method to address climate change. MES can convert CO 2 from pollution or waste materials into various carbon compounds with low energy requirements using electrogenic microbes as biocatalysts. However, the critical component in this technology, the cathode, still needs to perform more effectively than other conventional CO 2 reduction methods because of poor selectivity, complex metabolism pathways of microbes, and high material cost. These characteristics lead to the weak interactions of microbes and cathode electrocatalytic activities. These approaches range from cathode modification using conventional engineering approaches to new fabrication methods. Aside from cathode development, the operating procedure also plays a critical function and strategy to optimize electrosynthesis production in reducing operating costs, such as hybridization and integration of MES. If this technology could be realized, it would offer a new way to utilize excess CO 2 from industries and generate profitable commodities in the future to replace fossil fuel-derived products. In recent years, several potential approaches have been tested and studied to boost the capabilities of CO 2 -reducing bio-cathodes regarding surface morphology, current density, and biocompatibility, which would be further elaborated. This compilation aims to showcase that the achievements of MES have significantly improved and the future direction this is going with some recommendations. Highlights - MES approach in carbon sequestration using the biotic component.- The role of microbes as biocatalysts in MES and their metabolic pathways are discussed.- Methods and materials used to modify biocathode for enhancing CO 2 reduction are presented.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biosensors • 2022

This paper explores the decolorization of dye wastewaters and electricity generation using dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with titanium dioxide nanowire (TiO 2 NW) photocathodes. TiO 2 NW cathodes under ultraviolet light are observed to enhance the reduction of azo dye Active Red 30 (AR 30) and electricity generation. The analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicates acceleration of the electron transfer processes of photoelectrode reduction by the photocatalysis of TiO 2 NWs, with polarization resistance of the photocathode being 10.45 Ω under light irradiation from 294 Ω in the dark. Ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy shows that the maximum degradation of the MFCs is 78.1%; the azo bond of AR 30 may be cleaved by photoelectrons generated by light irradiation of the illuminated TiO 2 NW photocathode. The electricity produced by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is expected to enhance the reductive decolorization of the azo dye AR 30 solution.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

ChemElectroChem • 2014

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are environmentally friendly technology capable of extracting electrical energy from organic contaminants in wastewaters. The cathodic reaction limits the performance of MFCs. An oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is generally used for the oxygen cathode to reduce the overpotential and obtain more energy. Through surveying abiotic catalysts used in MFCs, this review introduces the ORR catalysis mechanism, influencing factors for catalyst performance, and provides outlooks on further applications of ORR catalysts.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

The Science of The Total Environment • 2021

Microbial fuel cell technology draws attention with its ability to directly recover electrical energy from various organic materials. In this study, the operating conditions affecting the oxidation-reduction and electricity generation efficiency of MFC were optimized using the Taguchi Experimental Design model. Optimization was carried out for maximum power density, coulombic efficiency, azo dye removal, and COD removal. With the determined optimum conditions (cathode pH of 3.0, cathode oxygen status of anaerobic, anode substrate of pre-treated, external resistance of 100 Ω, cathode electrode type of plain carbon, cathode electrode surface of 22 cm 2 , cathode conductivity of 20 µs/cm), 177.03 mW/m 2 power density, 7.50% coulombic efficiency, 91.26% azo dye removal efficiency and 21.61% COD removal efficiency were obtained. By Pareto analysis, it was determined that the power density, coulombic efficiency and COD removal efficiency were most affected by the substrate type at the anode, and the azo dye removal was most affected by the catholyte pH. The maximum power density and internal resistance of the MFC operated under optimum conditions were determined as 145.11 mW/m 2 and 243.30 Ω, respectively by the polarization curve. Cyclic voltammetry was also performed for the electrochemical characterization of MFC operated under optimum conditions. An anodic peak at -183.2 mV and a cathodic peak at -181.2 mV was visible in the CV curve.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering • 2025

Microbial electromethanogenesis (EM) presents a promising pathway for sustainable biogas upgrading, but accurately predicting its performance is challenging due to complex, nonlinear process dynamics. Here, we systematically compared seven supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms, including one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosting regressor (GBR), adaptive boosting regressor (AdaBoost), stacking regressors, and K-nearest neighbors (kNN), for their predictive biomethane production capabilities using experimental data from EM bioelectrochemical systems (EM-BESs). The data set encompassed operational parameters such as optical density (OD600), pH, electrical conductivity (EC, mS/cm), average applied current (A m–2), and CO2 availability (mol). After hyperparameter optimization, the 1D-CNN model exhibited superior predictive performance (R 2 = 0.934), significantly outperforming traditional ML methods. To move beyond prediction and uncover mechanistic insights, a feature importance analysis was conducted on the CNN model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The analysis revealed that average current, OD600, and pH were the most influential features in biomethane production, confirming that the model learned relationships grounded in fundamental bioelectrochemical principles. The SHAP analysis also identified complex, nonmonotonic effects of other variables, providing deeper process understanding. This study not only demonstrates the promising ability of ML, especially deep learning architectures, to advance EM optimization but also provides mechanistic insights into the factors governing bioelectrochemical methanogenesis. These findings are broadly applicable to analogous BESs, particularly microbial electrosynthesis (i.e., commodity chemical) and microbial electrolysis cells (i.e., biohydrogen), offering potential for enhancing system performance through data-driven operational control across sustainable biotechnology applications.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biosensors & bioelectronics • 2024

We present an electrochemical platform designed to reduce time of Escherichia coli bacteria detection from 24 to 48-h to 30 min. The presented approach is based on a system which includes gallium-indium (eGaIn) alloy to provide conductivity and a hydrogel system to preserve bacteria and their metabolic species during the analysis. The work is dedicated to accurate and fast detection of Escherichia coli bacteria in different environments with the supply of machine learning methods. Electrochemical data obtained during the analysis is processed via multilayer perceptron model to identify i.e. predict bacterial concentration in the samples. The performed approach provides the effectiveness of bacteria identification in the range of 102-109 colony forming units per ml with the average accuracy of 97%. The proposed bioelectrochemical system combined with machine learning model is prospective for food analysis, agriculture, biomedicine.

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Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences • 2025

This research investigates the potential of microalgae as a sustainable resource for bioenergy production using a microbial fuel cell (MFC)[1] technology. It explores the general taxonomy and characteristics of algae, outlines the different generations of biofuels, and highlights the benefits and limitations of algae-derived biofuels. Particular emphasis is placed on integrating bio-electrochemical systems that simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity. The study demonstrates that utilizing algae in MFCs not only supports organic biomass production but also enhances nitrogen recovery and energy efficiency. Through experimental trials with various electrode modifications, the research confirms that algal biomass can effectively function as both a biofuel substrate and a sustainable energy solution. These findings propose a closed-loop, self-sufficient energy system with minimal environmental impact, offering a viable alternative to fossil fuels.

Research Square • 2020

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Research Square • 2020

Abstract Microbial desalination cell (MDC) built on bio-catalytic devices modification has been studied for sea water desalination using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst. Here we focussed the modification of anode and this study has been confirmed that bio-catalytic devices maintenance could contribute to the long-term MDC perform during desalination process. The goal of this study is to provide and develop a sea water desalination system without requiring an energy support by applying modification of anode as electron acceptor, and the different potential charges that occur between anode and cathode can plays as driving force for electro dialysis of sea water desalination. Several types of bio-catalytic devices modification have been conducted, i.e. by immobilization of mediator, immobilization of biocatalyst or a combination of both. The optimization of each device has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Chronoamperometry, and applied in Microbial fuel cell prior observed in MDC. The concentrations of ion salt migration have been determined by Ion Exchange Chromatography. The profiles of surface device have been detected by Scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results shows that the modification of anode could be a promising method for bioelectricity generation delivered from MDC which as simultaneously produce an electricity and sea water desalination and provide a green chemistry technology.

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Volume 6: Energy • 2025

Abstract In this article, we investigated the performance of fuel cells. Our study is based on the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). We performed a numerical simulation of a PEMFC using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) via Ansys Fluent software. In this study, we focused on analyzing and comparing various designs of fuel cell systems, including single-cell, double-stack, and triple-stack. We investigated the potential field behavior and thermal management for single and stack fuel cell systems at different electrical potentials (ranging from 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 volts). The maximum electric power in fuel cell systems is obtained when a fuel cell stack containing three cell units is utilized at 0.5 volts; however, this triple fuel cell stack causes the highest heat generation. In addition, we studied species behavior during the electrochemical reactions.

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Energies • 2021

As carriers of green energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells are complex and nonlinear multivariate systems. For simulation analysis, optimization control, efficacy prediction, and fault diagnosis, it is crucial to rapidly and accurately establish reliability modules and extract parameters from the system modules. This study employed three types of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to find the optimal parameters of two energy models by minimizing the sum squared errors (SSE) and roots mean squared errors (RMSE). The three algorithms are inertia weight PSO, constriction PSO, and momentum PSO. The obtained calculation results of these three algorithms were compared with those obtained using algorithms from other relevant studies. This study revealed that the use of momentum PSO enables rapid convergence (under 30 convergence times) and the most accurate modeling and yields the most stable parameter extraction (SSE of PEMFC is 2.0656, RMSE of PV cells is 8.839 · 10−4). In summary, momentum PSO is the algorithm that is most suitable for system parameter identification with multiple dimensions and complex modules.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Engineering Research Express • 2026

Abstract Accurate parameter identification is essential for predictive proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC) modelling, yet it remains challenging because commonly used semi-empirical formulations are strongly nonlinear and exhibit pronounced parameter coupling. This paper focuses on the optimisation engine rather than proposing a new PEMFC model. We introduce a sequential hybrid metaheuristic that combines the leader-guided exploration of the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with the adaptive exploitation mechanisms of Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO). The resulting method, denoted GWO--HHO, estimates the key parameters of a standard single-cell/stack model by minimising the sum of squared errors (SSE) between measured and simulated stack voltages. A unified identification protocol is applied to three public PEMFC benchmarks (Horizon 500~W, BCS 500~W, and Nedstack PS6), as well as to a suite of standard unimodal and multimodal test functions used to stress the optimiser itself. On the fuel-cell datasets, the proposed hybrid achieves SSE values of $0.0110$, $0.0116$, and $2.0655$, respectively, and exhibits smooth convergence with low variance across repeated runs. Compared with several recent optimisers under the same computational budget, GWO--HHO delivers competitive accuracy and robust behaviour across datasets. The method therefore provides a practical optimisation tool for reliable PEMFC parameter estimation using established physics-based models.

[object Object], [object Object]

Fuel Cells • 2025

ABSTRACT Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) serve as crucial components in renewable energy systems, owing to their exceptional efficiency and minimal emissions. This research presents a fused maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach for a 6 kW PEMFC system, integrating fuzzy logic control (FLC) with genetic algorithm‐augmented particle swarm optimization (GA‐PSO). A rigorous mathematical model of the PEMFC is formulated and experimentally corroborated. A fuzzy logic controller addresses system nonlinearity, while the GA‐PSO algorithm dynamically optimizes the fuzzy rule base to adapt to varying operating conditions. Simulations compare the Mamdani controller and the GA‐PSO hybrid controller interfaced with a DC–DC boost converter (45–85.34 V). Results demonstrate that the GA‐PSO controller achieves 99.7% tracking efficiency (vs. 96.33% for Mamdani) with shorter rise time (5.15 vs. 5.03 ms), lower overshoot (9.17% vs. 10.34%), and enhanced robustness. The hybrid controller effectively tracks maximum power under dynamic loads and environmental changes, proving its superiority in steady‐state accuracy and adaptability. This work provides a practical solution for optimizing PEMFC energy output.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Fuel Cells • 2022

AbstractAs a promising energy conversion device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been widely used in many fields. However, its commercialization is limited by its useful lifetime, so it's very important to predict the remaining useful lifetime (RUL). In this paper, an RUL prediction method of PEMFC based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) is proposed. First, for data processing, we use Savitzky‐Golay to smooth the datasets, a box plot to remove the outliers, and Z‐score to normalize the datasets. Then, we perform experiments on different lengths of time series data to find the best parameters and test the generalization ability of the model to long‐term and short‐term forecasts. Eventually, the results indicated that CNN‐LSTM and CNN‐bidirectional LSTM (CNN‐BiLSTM) can get very accurate predictions with the relative error values of CNN‐LSTM being 0.07% and CNN‐BiLSTM only 0.03%. Furthermore, we discover that the training and prediction speed of the models are improved due to the addition of CNN. Therefore, we can quickly and accurately predict the RUL of PEMFC in the long term and short term.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Fuel Cells • 2026

ABSTRACT This study reports the development of a self‐sustained single‐chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) biosensor integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for rapid assessment of heavy metal toxicity in water. The anode was modified with a conductive and biocompatible polyindole/titanium oxide/molybdenum oxide (PIn/TiO 2 /MoO 3 ) nanocomposite to enhance electron transfer and microbial attachment. The biosensor was evaluated against four common toxic metals Hg 2+ , Cr 6+ , Cu 2+ , and Ni 2+ at concentrations ranging from 2 to 20 mg/L. Concentration‐dependent inhibition of microbial activity was observed, with mercury exhibiting the highest toxicity (88.88% inhibition at 20 mg/L), followed by chromium (81.81%), copper (71.42%), and nickel (27.77%). A hybrid Artificial Neural Network–Genetic Algorithm (ANN–GA) model was employed to predict toxicity based on inhibition ratios, achieving superior accuracy ( R 2 = 0.998; RMSE = 0.262 mg/L) compared to baseline ANN models ( R 2 = 0.974). The biosensor demonstrated excellent reusability through regeneration using sodium acetate (1 g/L), with complete voltage recovery (0.01–0.35 V) achieved within 70–110 h depending on metal type. These results establish the PIn/TiO 2 /MoO 3 @Toray carbon modified SCMFC as a robust, cost‐effective, and AI‐enhanced biosensing platform capable of real‐time, quantitative monitoring of heavy metal toxicity in wastewater.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering • 2020

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Environmental Science and Pollution Research • 2023

Sustainable development and energy security, highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), necessitate the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, upon careful evaluation of literature, we have discovered that many existing and emerging renewable energy systems (RESs) prioritize renewability over true sustainability. These systems not only suffer from performance inconsistencies and lack of scalability but also fall short in fully embodying the principles of sustainability and circular economy. To address this gap, we propose considering microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a viable alternative and integral part of the renewable energy ecosystem. MFCs harness the omnipresence, abundance, and cost-effectiveness of their essential components, making them a promising candidate. Through our comprehensive analysis, we shed light on the limitations and advancements of this technology, which underscore the remarkable potential of MFCs to revolutionize our perception of clean, sustainable energy.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Research Square • 2022

Abstract Background The rapid expansion and anticipated U.S Food and Drug Administration regulation of 3D printing at the point-of-care necessitates the creation of robust quality management systems. A critical component of any quality management system is a document control system for the organization, tracking, signature collection, and distribution of manufacturing documentation. While off-the-shelf solutions for document control exist, external programs are costly and come with network security concerns. Here, we present our internally developed, cost-effective solution for an electronic document control system for 3D printing at the point-of-care. Methods We created a hybrid document control system by linking two commercially available platforms, Microsoft SharePoint and Adobe Sign, using a customized document approval workflow. Results Our platform meets all Code of Federal Regulations Part 11 guidances. Conclusions Our hybrid solution for document control provides an affordable system for users to sort, manage, store, edit, and sign documents. The system can serve as a framework for other 3D printing programs to prepare for future U.S Food and Drug Administration regulation, improve the efficiency of 3D printing at the point-of-care, and enhance the quality of work produced by their respective program.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

AMB Express • 2014

High power densities have been obtained from MFC reactors having a purple color characteristic of Rhodopseudomonas. We investigated the microbial community structure and population in developed purple MFC medium (DPMM) and MFC effluent (DPME) using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. In DPMM, dominant bacteria were Comamonas (44.6%), Rhodopseudomonas (19.5%) and Pseudomonas (17.2%). The bacterial community of DPME mainly consisted of bacteria related to Rhodopseudomonas (72.2%). Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria were identified in both purple-colored samples: Hydrogenophaga and Sphaerochaeta in the DPMM, and Arcobacter, unclassified Ignavibacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, Desulfovibrio and Wolinella in the DPME. The methanogenic community of both purple-colored samples was dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens including Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum with significantly lower numbers of Methanosarcina. These results suggeste that hydrogen is actively produced by Rhodopseudomonas that leads to the dominance of hydrogen consuming microorganisms in both purple-colored samples. The syntrophic relationship between Rhodopseudomonas and hydrogenotrophic microbes might be important for producing high power density in the acetate-fed MFC under light conditions.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread across the globe mainly due to long-term anthropogenic sources of pollution. The inherent properties of PAHs such as heterocyclic aromatic ring structures, hydrophobicity, and thermostability have made them recalcitrant and highly persistent in the environment. PAH pollutants have been determined to be highly toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxicogenic to various life forms. Therefore, this review discusses the primary sources of PAH emissions, exposure routes, and toxic effects on humans, in particular. This review briefly summarizes the physical and chemical PAH remediation approaches such as membrane filtration, soil washing, adsorption, electrokinetic, thermal, oxidation, and photocatalytic treatments. This review provides a detailed systematic compilation of the eco-friendly biological treatment solutions for remediation of PAHs such as microbial remediation approaches using bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and co-cultures. In situ and ex situ biological treatments such as land farming, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, bioreactor, and vermiremediation approaches are discussed in detail, and a summary of the factors affecting and limiting PAH bioremediation is also discussed. An overview of emerging technologies employing multi-process combinatorial treatment approaches is given, and newer concepts on generation of value-added by-products during PAH remediation are highlighted in this review.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

RSC Advances • 2018

Bio-electrochemical degradation of pentachlorophenol was carried out in single as well as dual chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with simultaneous production of electricity. The maximum cell potential was recorded to be 787 and 1021 mV in single and dual chambered systems respectively. The results presented nearly 66 and 89% COD removal in single and dual chambered systems with corresponding power densities of 872.7 and 1468.85 mW m -2 respectively. The highest coulombic efficiency for single and dual chambered counterparts was found to be 33.9% and 58.55%. GC-MS data revealed that pentachlorophenol was more effectively degraded under aerobic conditions in dual-chambered MFC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the dominance of exoelectrogenic Geobacter in the two reactor systems with a slightly higher concentration in the dual-chambered system. The findings of this work suggested that the aerobic treatment of pentachlorophenol in cathodic compartment of dual chambered MFC is better than its anaerobic treatment in single chambered MFC in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and output power density.

• 0

Pseudomonas stutzeri S116 is a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from marine sludge. It exhibited excellent electricity generation as bioanode and biocathode applied in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Complete genome sequencing of P. stutzeri and cyclic voltammetry method were performed to reveal its mechanism in microbial fuel cells system.