Junfeng Wei, Peng Liang, Xia Huang

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology • 2011

Comprehensive review of recent advances in MFC technology including electrode materials and reactor designs.

Yixiang Zhang, Lin Wang, Ming Li et al.

Energy & Environmental Science • 2021

This work demonstrates how 3D printing technologies can create complex electrode architectures for bioelectrochemical systems.

Houpu Zhang, Jiajin Song, Zhiruo Zheng et al.

Water Research • 2023

Co-pollution of soil with pesticide residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasing due to the substantial usage of pesticides and organic fertilizers in greenhouse-based agricultural production. Non-antibiotic stresses, including those from agricultural fungicides, are potential co-selectors for the horizontal transfer of ARGs, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Intragenus and intergenus conjugative transfer systems of the antibiotic resistant plasmid RP4 were established to examine conjugative transfer frequency under stress from four widely used fungicides: triadimefon, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, and carbendazim. The mechanisms were elucidated at the cellular and molecular levels using transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and RNA-seq techniques. The conjugative transfer frequency of plasmid RP4 between Escherichia coli strains increased with the rising exposure concentrations of chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, and carbendazim, but was suppressed between E. coli and Pseudomonas putida by a high fungicide concentration (10 µg/mL). Triadimefon did not significantly affect conjugative transfer frequency. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms revealed that: (i) chlorothalonil exposure mainly promoted generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, stimulated the SOS response, and increased cell membrane permeability, while (ii) azoxystrobin and carbendazim primarily enhanced expression of conjugation-related genes on the plasmid. These findings reveal the fungicide-triggered mechanisms associated with plasmid conjugation and highlight the potential role of non-bactericidal pesticides on the dissemination of ARGs.

Jiangwei Ni, Zhiwei Huang, Mingshuo Tian et al.

Environmental Science & Technology • 2024

Adjusting the electronic state of noble metal catalysts on a nanoscale is crucial for optimizing the performance of nanocatalysts in many important environmental catalytic reactions, particularly in volatile organic compound (VOC) combustion. This study reports a novel strategy for optimizing Pt catalysts by modifying their electronic structure to enhance the electron density of Pt. The research illustrates the optimal 0.2Pt-0.3W/Fe 2 O 3 heterostructure with atomic-thick WO 3 layers as a bulking block to electronically modify supported Pt nanoparticles. Methods such as electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm Pt's electron-enriched state resulting from electron transfer from atomic-thick WO 3 . Testing for benzene oxidation revealed enhanced low-temperature activity with moderate tungsten incorporation. Kinetic and mechanistic analyses provide insights into how the enriched electron density benefits the activation of oxygen and the adsorption of benzene on Pt sites, thereby facilitating the oxidation reaction. This pioneering work on modifying the electronic structure of supported Pt nanocatalysts establishes an innovative catalyst design approach. The electronic structure-performance-dependent relationships presented in this study assist in the rational design of efficient VOC abatement catalysts, contributing to clean energy and environmental solutions.

Miguel Gayo-Abeleira, Carlos Santos, Francisco Javier Rodríguez Sánchez et al.

Applied Energy • 2022

Panpan Wang, Han Wang, Yunfei Zhang et al.

Water Research • 2021

Kyung Yoon Chung, Won-Sub Yoon, Hung Sui Lee et al.

Journal of Power Sources • 2005

Maria Berrittella, Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Katrin Rehdanz et al.

Water Research • 2007

Water problems are typically studied at the level of the river catchment. About 70% of all water is used for agriculture, and agricultural products are traded internationally. A full understanding of water use is impossible without understanding the international market for food and related products, such as textiles. The water embedded in commodities is called virtual water. Based on a general equilibrium model, we offer a method for investigating the role of water resources and water scarcity in the context of international trade. We run five alternative scenarios, analyzing the effects of water scarcity due to reduced availability of groundwater. This can be a consequence of physical constraints, and of policies curbing water demand. Four scenarios are based on a "market solution", where water owners can capitalize their water rent or taxes are recycled. In the fifth "non-market" scenario, this is not the case; supply restrictions imply productivity losses. Restrictions in water supply would shift trade patterns of agriculture and virtual water. These shifts are larger if the restriction is larger, and if the use of water in production is more rigid. Welfare losses are substantially larger in the non-market situation. Water-constrained agricultural producers lose, but unconstrained agricultural produces gain; industry gains as well. As a result, there are regional winners and losers from water supply constraints. Because of the current distortions of agricultural markets, water supply constraints could improve allocative efficiency; this welfare gain may more than offset the welfare losses due to the resource constraint.

Mevra Yalvac Can, Yusuf Kaya, O. Faruk Algur

Bioresource Technology • 2006

Alon Abramson, Derick G. Brown

Water Research • 2007

The effects of solution ionic strength on the collision efficiency (alpha) distribution of a Sphingomonas sp. were investigated using multiple sand columns of varying lengths and analyzing the bacteria clean-bed breakthrough concentrations using a distributed colloid filtration theory (D-CFT). Five different probability density functions (PDFs) were investigated and all accurately replicated the lab-scale experimental data, whereas a single alpha value could not. The alpha distribution shifted toward smaller values with decreasing ionic strength and the PDF parameters were strongly correlated to the Debye length, indicating that electrostatic interactions had a direct impact on the alpha distribution. The results indicate that while ionic strength has a large impact on bacterial transport distances for a concentration reduction of a few orders of magnitude, as occurs at the laboratory scale, due to the distributed nature of the collision efficiency, it has a minor effect on predicted transport distances required to achieve concentration reductions on the order of 10(6), which occurs at the field scale. Because of this, bacterial inactivation (e.g., death), rather than physically removing the bacteria from solution via filtration, is likely the key process impacting the transport of viable bacteria at the field scale. Overall, for systems with a distributed alpha, the results indicate that ionic strength has a strong influence on the transport of bacteria at the lab-scale (centimeters to one meter), both ionic strength and bacterial inactivation are important at the meso-scale (tens of meters), and inactivation becomes the dominant mechanism for reducing the transport of viable bacteria at the field scale (hundreds of meters).

L. Amor, M. Eiroa, C. Kennes et al.

Water Research • 2005

Phenol biodegradation under aerobic conditions and its effect on the nitrification process were studied, first in batch assays and then in an activated sludge reactor. In batch assays, phenol was completely biodegraded at concentrations ranging from 100 to 2500 mg l(-1). Phenol was inhibitory to the nitrification process, showing more inhibition at higher initial phenol concentrations. At initial phenol concentrations above 1000 mg l(-1), the level of nitrification decreased. In the activated sludge reactor, the applied ammonium loading rate was maintained at 140 mg N-NH(4)(+)l(-1)d(-1) (350 mg N-NH(4)(+)l(-1)) during the operation time. However, the applied organic loading rate was increased stepwise from 30 to 2700 mg COD l(-1)d(-1) by increasing the phenol concentration from 35 up to 2800 mg l(-1). High phenol removal efficiencies, above 99.9%, were maintained at all the applied organic loading rates. Ammonium removal was also very high during the operation period, around 99.8%, indicating that there was no inhibition of nitrification by phenol.

Yoshiaki Maeda, Yui Sugiyama, Tae-Kyu Lim et al.

Biosensors and Bioelectronics • 2019

The contamination of foods and beverages by fungi is a severe health hazard. The rapid identification of fungi species in contaminated goods is important to avoid further contamination. To this end, we developed a fungal discrimination method based on the bioimage informatics approach of colony fingerprinting. This method involves imaging and visualizing microbial colonies (referred to as colony fingerprints) using a lens-less imaging system. Subsequently, the quantitative image features were extracted as discriminative parameters and subjected to analysis using machine learning approaches. Colony fingerprinting has been previously found to be a promising approach to discriminate bacteria. In the present proof-of-concept study, we tested whether this method is also useful for fungal discrimination. As a result, 5 fungi belonging to the Aspergillus, Penicilium, Eurotium, Alternaria, and Fusarium genera were successfully discriminated based on the extracted parameters, including the number of hyphae and their branches, and their intensity distributions on the images. The discrimination of 6 closely-related Aspergillus spp. was also demonstrated using additional parameters. The cultivation time required to generate the fungal colonies with a sufficient size for colony fingerprinting was less than 48 h, shorter than those for other discrimination methods, including MALDI-TOF-MS. In addition, colony fingerprinting did not require any cumbersome pre-treatment steps prior to discrimination. Colony fingerprinting is promising for the rapid and easy discrimination of fungi for use in the ensuring the safety of food manufacturing.

Selçuk Bilgen, Sedat Keleş, Abdullah Kaygusuz et al.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews • 2008

M. G. Hosseini, M. M. Momeni

Fuel Cells • 2012

Abstract Platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐NP) are deposited on the surface of titanium oxide nanotubes (TN) by microemulsion method. Highly ordered TN on a pure titanium substrate are successfully fabricated by anodizing of titanium. The morphology and surface analysis of Pt‐NP/TN electrodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, respectively. The electro‐oxidation of formic acid on Pt‐NP/TN electrodes in acidic medium was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods. The results showed that the oxidation peak currents on the Pt‐NP/TN electrode for formic acid oxidation are several times larger than a smooth platinum electrode and confirmed the better electro‐catalytic activity and stability of these new electrodes. The photocatalytic properties of titanium oxide make the Pt‐NP/TN electrode reusable after a short UV treatment, and the electro‐oxidation current density of Pt‐NP/TN electrode after UV‐cleaning can be re‐established. So Pt‐NP/TN electrode has a good application potential to fuel cells.

Hamdan Ramadan, Syahrul Maulana Rozaki

CATHA SAINTIFICA • 2025

A clutch is a mechanical component used to connect two shaft together in power transmission system. The main function of a clutch in a transmission system is to transmit power from one shaft to another while adjusting the difference in speed or position between the two. This study aims to calculate the critical parameters of the clutch, such as torque, normal pressure, contact area, required force, and centrifugal force on the clutch shoes. This study produces a normal pressure force of Q = 65.99 kg With a force F that is smaller than the maximum allowable force of 24.67 kg and At a minimum rotation of n = 1500 rpm, the centrifugal force generated is F = 626.23 N with a vertical force in the y direction of F = 313.11 N. While at maximum rotation the centrifugal force increases sharp, namely F = 22184.1 N, with a vertical force in the y direction of F = 11092.05 N. The calculation results show that this clutch design is safe to use by meeting all the parameters that have been set. The impact of this research provides increased energy efficiency, system performance and component life, which supports operational cost savings and reduced emissions. In addition, this research encourages technological innovation, development of local industry, and positive contributions to the environment and society.

Ghahraman Solookinejad, Mohsen Vaezzadeh Asadi, Heydar Izadneshan

Research Square • 2020

Abstract In this research, a thin film of titanium dioxide was prepared as electron transporting layer to be used in perovskite solar cell simulation. The thin film TiO 2 was prepared under different lab conditions such as changing the chamber pressure from 2.0×10 -2 to 4.0×10 -2 mbar and changing the power of deposition device from 200 to 240 watts for different thickness ranging from 30 to 150 nm. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering method has been used to fabricate the layers under the mentioned laboratory conditions. Then, the band gap energy of the thin films was calculated by Tauc’s plot method. It was shown that the bands gap energy which is one of the contributing factors in solar cell characteristics, such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and solar cell efficiency, highly depends on laboratory conditions of preparing the thin film and it changes with changes in deposition parameters of the device. The simulated solar cells were considered as ZnO:Al/TiO 2 compact layer/CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 /CuI/Au. Investigation on the effects of preparation conditions of TiO 2 on properties of the cell and perovskite soar efficiency was carried out using experimental data related to TiO 2 and extraction of data of other layers from authentic articles using comsol multiphysics software. In comparison with other preparation conditions, the prepared layer with 30 nm thickness under 240 watts device power and 3.5×10 -2 mbar chamber pressure had the best possible results. In this condition, perovskite solar cell characteristics obtained I s c = 22.368mA, V o c = 1.02mV, % FF = 80.522 and % PCE = 18.371.

Daniel Suárez, Francisco Almeida, Vicente Blanco

Research Square • 2023

Abstract Over the past few years, ARM has been the dominant player in embedded systems and System-on-Chips (SoCs). However, with the emergence of hardware platforms based on the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), it has become necessary to compare these two ISAs. In this study, our goal is to comprehensively evaluate the energy efficiency and performance of ARM and RISC-V ISAs across three different SoCs. We will conduct benchmark tests to measure power consumption and overall system performance. The results of our study are valuable to developers and researchers looking to select the best ISA for energy-efficient computing applications. Our findings indicate that while RISC-V hardware platforms exhibit lower average power consumption than their ARM counterparts, the performance-per-watt ratio may not necessarily favor RISC-V. Ultimately, our overarching objective is to thoroughly examine both ISAs and to pinpoint areas where each can be enhanced, ultimately contributing to greater energy efficiency. Furthermore, to ensure the practical applicability of our findings, we will use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM. This step serves to validate the relevance of our results in real-world scenarios. It allows us to fine-tune execution parameters based on the insights gained from our initial study. By doing so, we aim not only to provide meaningful conclusions, but also to investigate the transferability of our results to practical applications. Our analysis will also scrutinize the capabilities of these SoCs when handling nonsynthetic software workloads, thereby broadening the scope of our evaluation.

Qi Wang, Iain W. H. Oswald, Michael R. Perez et al.

Advanced Functional Materials • 2014

Today's state‐of‐the‐art phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) must rely on the host‐guest doping technique to decrease triplet quenching and increase device efficiency. However, doping is a sophisticated device fabrication process. Here, a Pt(II)‐based complex with a near unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent electron transporting properties in the form of neat film is reported. Simplified doping‐free white PhOLED and yellow‐orange PhOLED based on this emitter achieve rather low operating voltages (2.2–2.4 V) and very high power efficiencies of approximately 80 lm W −1 (yellow‐orange) and 50 lm W −1 (white), respectively, without any light extraction enhancement. Furthermore, the efficient white device also exhibits high color stability. No color shift is observed during the entire operation of the device. Analysis of the device's operational mechanism has been postulated in terms of exciton and polaron formation and fate. It is found that using the efficient neat Pt(II)‐complex as a homogeneous emitting and electron transporting layer and an ambipolar blue emitter are determining factors for achieving such a high efficiency.

Ibrahim A. Metwally, Mohamed Eladawy

IET Electric Power Applications • 2024

Abstract This paper presents design and dynamic performance investigation of a full‐scale, modular topology (arranged on the sides of a regular hexagon), medium voltage direct current (MVDC) permanent magnet (PM) biased presaturated fault current limiter (PMFCL). This PMFCL represents a cost‐effective design with enhanced longevity, reliability, scalability, and controllability. The scalability of this modular design can be extended by adding or removing CI (letters: CI) core units for different power system applications in a voltage range from to or more. The rated steady‐state (DC) and fault currents of and , respectively. The detection free and self‐triggering performance of this PMFCL is designed and simulated through a 3D coupled model of electric‐circuit magnetic‐field of COMSOL Multiphysics. Accurate representation of PM behaviour, especially in the second quadrant of its hysteresis loop of Jiles‐Atherton method gives realistic performance of the PMFCL. Comprehensive finite element simulations are carried out to study the effect of design parameters on the dynamic performance of PMFCL. Good agreement is found between COMSOL simulation results of DC‐biased PFCL and experimental results of a developed small‐scale prototype. Results reveal that the MVDC PMFCL shows significant improvement and satisfactory performance, in terms of fault current clipping ratio, fault current slope, and power losses, as compared to the conventional MVDC DC‐biased presaturated CI iron‐core fault current limiter (PFCL).

Hongmei Yin, Yang Liu, Liguo Yang et al.

Energies • 2025

This study elucidates the mechanism of fluidization instability during limestone carbonation under a 100% CO2 atmosphere and determines the influence of Al2O3 fluidization aids (dosage and particle size) on exothermic performance. The experiments demonstrate that rapid CO2 absorption in the emulsion phase, coupled with insufficient gas replenishment from the bubble phase, disrupts the balance between drag force and buoyancy, leading to localized defluidization. This instability impedes gas exchange between the bubble and emulsion phases, resulting in bubble coalescence and channeling across the bed. The fluidization instability reduces the maximum exothermic temperature and causes significant temperature heterogeneity in the bed. With repeated thermal cycles (20 cycles), the CO2 absorption capacity of limestone diminishes (the effective conversion rate drops to 0.25), and the instability disappears. The addition of 5wt.% Al2O3 (particle size: 0.05–0.075 mm) stabilizes the fluidization state during carbonation, significantly homogenizing the bed temperature distribution, with maximum and average temperature differentials reduced by 63% and 89%, respectively, compared to pure limestone systems.

Selvamathi Ramachandran, Indragandhi Vairavasundaram

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications • 2021

Background: In recent days grid-tied PV power systems play a vital role in the entire energy system. In a grid –tied PV system Transformerless Inverter (TI) topologies are preferred for its reduced price, improved efficiency, lightweight etc. Therefore many transformerless topologies have been proposed and verified with real power injection only. Recently, almost every international standard has imposed that a specified amount of reactive power should be handled by the grid-tied PV inverter. According to the standard VDE-AR-N4105, grid-tied PV inverter of power rating below 3.68kVA, should attain Power Factor (PF) from 0.95 leading to 0.95 lagging. Objective: To address this issue of grid-tied PV system with reactive power control, in this paper Fuzzy gain scheduling controller is proposed as a power controller for High Efficiency Transformeless (HETL) inverter. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and validated with the comparison of a conventional PI controller based active and reactive power controllers. Methods: This paper is with the intention of improvement in the performance of the system, the FGS controller is anticipated as active and reactive power controllers. In conventional PI controller gains are constant for any value of the error, which makes error and delay in optimum value of voltage (V α and V ß ). Hence in this analysis FGS controller tunes PI controller gain with respect to change in active and reactive power error. Results: Comparative performance of PI and FGS based HETL inverter is presented in this paper. It is noted that for any cases either P ref is constant or variable the FGS reduces ripple than PI based HETL inverter system. Compare to constant reference power case variable reference case produces more ripples in both systems. Conclusion: From the analysis FGS based HETL inverter in a grid-tied PV based power system produces the best performance in all aspects such as voltage, active power and reactive power.

Ivan Marinović, Ivan Škalic

Electronics • 2024

Since circuit-based solutions for increasing the efficiency of Class AB audio amplifiers have reached their peak, this article presents a non-circuit-based approach for the same purpose. The output transistors of this class of amplifiers dissipate a significant amount of thermal energy, resulting in relatively low amplifier efficiency and requiring the transistors to be mounted on large heatsinks. This study was conducted with the aim of capturing the waste heat energy dissipated by the output transistors and converting it into electrical energy using thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which can then be used to increase the efficiency of the amplifier system. In addition to improving efficiency, this study aims to determine the extent to which heatsinks with smaller dimensions can be used in combination with the amplifier through the use of TEGs, potentially leading to a wider commercial application of Class AB audio amplifiers. The experimental results show that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of TEGs reached 1.097% in the best case, indicating a potential increase of 0.275% in the overall efficiency of the amplifier system. These results show that the low thermoelectric efficiency of TEGs is a limiting factor that prevents a breakthrough in improving the efficiency of the power amplifier system with the proposed non-circuit-based approach.

C. P. Ellington

Journal of Experimental Biology • 1985

ABSTRACT The efficiency and mechanical power output of insect flight muscle have been estimated from a study of hovering flight. The maximum power output, calculated from the muscle properties, is adequate for the aerodynamic power requirements. However, the power output is insufficient to oscillate the wing mass as well unless there is good elastic storage of the inertial energy, and this is consistent with reports of elastic components in the flight system. A comparison of the mechanical power output with the metabolic power input to the flight muscles suggests that the muscle efficiency is quite low : less than 10%.

, Mintra Aupahad

• 2016

This research investigates bioelectrochemical system technologywith emphasis on performance optimization. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologies.

Authors to be extracted

Enzyme and Microbial Technology • 1996

This research investigates bioelectrochemical system technology. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologieswith potential for distributed power generation.

Authors to be extracted

Journal of Power Sources • 2008

This research investigates bioelectrochemical system technology. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologies.

Authors to be extracted

Biotechnology Letters • 2003

This research investigates microbial fuel cell (MFC) technologywith emphasis on microbial electrochemistry. The study demonstrates achieving enhanced operational performance and with focus on energy conversion efficiency. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologieswith potential for distributed power generation.

Raúl Payri, Pedro Martí-Aldaraví, Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova et al.

International Journal of Engine Research • 2025

Hydrogen fuel cells offer a promising and environmentally friendly solution for future ground transportation systems, especially for heavy-duty truck applications. The fuel cell system generates electricity to power the vehicle through the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack. Oxygen is supplied by pumping compressed air into the fuel cell stack. To achieve optimal performance with minimal electrochemical losses, precise control of air and hydrogen flow within the fuel cell stack is crucial. One key factor affecting fuel cell performance is the air relative humidity (RH). In this study, we focus on developing an efficient air humidity management system through the direct injection of water into a twin vortices series compressor (TVS R1320). The goal is to experimentally measure the effect of water injection on compressor efficiency and the attainable RH without water droplet formation at the inlet of the fuel cell stack. The experimental results show that for high air mass flow rates, specific work and mechanical power can be reduced by up to 7.83% and 2.3%, respectively, while the system isothermal efficiency improved by 2.95%. However, the RH required by fuel cells cannot be achieved solely by direct water injection without the risk of water droplet formation that can lead to fuel cell flooding. Other operating points will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, modeling activities were conducted to identify trends and better explain the effects of injected water. Limitations were also found in 1D simulation codes when modeling evaporation. A simplex nozzle was positioned at the compressor inlet to continuously inject water, and optically accessible sections located upstream and downstream of the compressor allowed for recording the air-water flow status.

Putri Pratiwi, Zakil Hadi

Jurnal Teknik Mesin • 2022

The performance of a power plant can be known from the calculation of efficiency in the generating sector. Steam power plants utilize a series of energy conversion processes including: conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy when extracting heat from coal as fuel to heat boilers, conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy in turbines and conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in generators. Like other steam power plants, the Teluk Sirih PLTU located in Bungus Teluk Kabung, West Sumatra has the same energy production process. it's just that the source of the water is taken from the sea so it requires special treatment to turn the water into water suitable for producing steam used in this power plant. The electricity production process will be explained in this study and an efficiency calculation process with a simple Rankine cycle is carried out to determine the efficiency of this power plant. From the calculation results, the thermal efficiency of PLTU Teluk Sirih is 29%. Based on the results of these calculations, it is known that the Telusk Sirih PLTU can be classified as a power plant with good efficiency.

Sebastian Lück, Markus Schödel, Marco Menze et al.

Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications • 2022

Abstract In this study, an electric turbocharger for fuel cell applications is investigated with regards to the extension of both compressor and turbine operating range by means of geometric changes to the turbomachinery components, namely variable nozzle and diffuser vane angles. Therefore, the interaction of the electric turbocharger subsystem with the fuel cell stack is investigated over the full operating range to judge the overall efficiency, system dynamics and stability. Initially, selected options for extending the performance maps of both compressor and turbine are presented and discussed. The numerical methods used for predicting the performance maps are then described. Subsequently, the entire machine is simulated under both steady-state and transient operating conditions using the in-house tool ASTOR (AircraftEngine for Transient Operation Research). Based on the wider operating ranges of compressor and turbine, promising setups are identified and investigated in further detail to select the best choice for the operation of the electric turbocharger. The impact of isolated component modifications is shown initially and substantial improvements of the operating range are shown. The modification of the compressor diffuser leading edge angles in a fixed-geometry diffuser increases the range of covered operating points from 4 to 7 while at the same time improving the compressor surge margin during steady state operation above the required safety margin of 20%. Additionally, the system efficiency can be increased by 0.2%. The application of a positive angle variable nozzle turbine significantly shifts the operating line towards higher mass flows, thus increasing the surge margin especially in the high speed range where the transient effects during deceleration of the machine are the greatest. By applying combined modified compressor with pivoting vanes and and variable nozzle turbine geometry, the operating range can be extended even further. The surge margin can be kept above 20% during the initial critical part of a transient deceleration manoeuvre. Nevertheless, a decrease of 0.5% in overall system efficiency has to be accepted due to the measures.

Junjira Thipraksa, Pimprapa Chaijak

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management • 2022

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a green device that utilizes chemical energy in organic materials to generate electricity. The low-cost electrode used in this study was made from agricultural waste, coconut shells. The electrochemical properties were improved by combining oxidizing agents and microwave heating processes. The modified coconut shell electrode outperformed virgin biochar by 30.89-fold (230.13±10.11 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The maximum open-circuit voltage, current density, and power density are respectively 995.00±5.00 mV, 841.67±14.43 mA/m<sup>2</sup>, and 283.42±9.67 mW/m<sup>2</sup>. This study demonstrated that modified coconut shell biochar could be used as a low-cost alternative electrode for electricity generation.

Evelyn Owie

Strategic Organizational Communication for Efficiency and Performance: A Managerial Perspective with Case Insights from the Banking Sector • 2025

This chapter comprehensively reviews relevant literature including conceptual frameworks, methodologies, empirical evidence, theoretical foundations, propositions, hypotheses, key findings, and conclusions from prior scholarly work related to the study. 2.2 Conceptual Framework This study adopts a conceptual framework that explores the impact of communication on organizational performance (Robbins & Judge, 2023). Communication is fundamental to every organization’s success, serving as the foundation for interaction, coordination, and mutual understanding between management and employees. Haiemann (2011) defines communication as the transmission of ideas and the ability to make oneself understood by others. It involves the transfer of information between individuals or organizations using mutually agreed-upon symbols. Effective communication is crucial for organizational growth, as it strengthens management-employee relations and enhances overall staff performance. Robbins (2011) describes communication as the “exchange and flow of ideas from one individual to another”. According to Trevithick (2003), this process involves a sender conveying ideas, knowledge, or directives to a receiver. Harper (2003) and McLeod (2007) both emphasize that “communication is only effective when the receiver accurately understands the sender’s intended message”. Poor communication is a common cause of confusion and failure in organizational planning. Karen and Kamyabs (2004) argue that effective communication is a vital element of administration. Communication occurs across multiple levels—including intra-individual, interpersonal, and group settings (Keith, 2014). At the intra-individual level, information is transmitted internally (e.g., from sensory organs to the brain) (Carlson & Birkett, 2021). At the relational level, it involves the exchange of messages between individuals. Regardless of the level, meaningful communication must inform, educate, and motivate employees across all organizational tiers (Barrett, 2002). Banihashemi (2011) views communication not only as a means to achieve performance outcomes but also as a fundamental organizational function in itself. Stephen (2011) supports this view, emphasizing that communication is central to directing and mobilizing the workforce toward achieving organizational goals. Williams (2007) highlights that “effective, transparent communication between managers and employees is essential for success”. McKinney et al. (2004) liken communication in organizations to the circulation of blood in the human body, underscoring its essential role in team performance and coordination. Effective communication ensures the alignment of various organizational functions and resources. Managers spend a significant portion of their time communicating, as key managerial processes—planning, organizing, leading, and controlling—are all communication-dependent. Russu (2001) defines communication as the transmission of information through symbolic messages—such as sounds, letters, facial expressions, and gestures—to foster mutual understanding and accomplish both individual and collective objectives. Communication is embedded in all human activities and has become an expansive field of study.Modern management increasingly emphasizes the importance of communication in leadership. Luthans and Larsen (1986, as cited in Hargie & Tourish, 2009) estimate that managers devote 60% to 80% of their time to communication-related tasks. Previous research emphasizes the central role of interpersonal communication in managerial functions (Mintzberg,1973). Existing research by Sims and Lorenzi (1992, as cited in Hargie & Tourish, 2009) affirms that effective leadership relies heavily on communication to create shared meaning, convey vision, and foster a sense of common purpose. Effective Communication Effective communication is defined as “a process through which a sender conveys a message and receives feedback from the receiver in the manner intended”(Peter, 2015). It involves not only transmitting information but also ensuring that the message is accurately decoded and understood by the receiver. When the receiver misinterprets or fails to understand the message, communication becomes ineffective. Feedback plays a critical role in confirming that the message has achieved its desired impact (Berrelas, 2010). Effective communication occurs when the intended recipient fully comprehends the meaning of the message and responds appropriately. It involves translating ideas, instructions, or guidance into spoken or written words—or even actions—in a way that ensures the receiver accurately interprets the message and responds appropriately (Victor Akam, 2011).

Thomas Wagner, Robert J. Burke

ASME 2008 Power Conference • 2007

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

Lisa Utami, Lazulva Lazulva, Yuni Fatisa

al-Kimiya • 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana potensi biomassa yang tidak termanfaatkan yaitu limbah kulit pisang sebagai sumber energi listrik menggunakan teknologi Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap reaktor bejana yang didesain dengan dua chamber (anoda dan katoda) menggunakan KMnO4 sebagai katolit dan dihubungkan dengan rangkaian sel elektrokimia (sel volta) kemudian diukur nilai tegangan, arus, power density yang dihasilkan dari rangkaian limbah kulit pisang selama 17 hari. Hasil pengukuran nilai tegangan maksimum, arus maksimum dan power density maksimum yang dihasilkan dari reaktor didapatkan berturut-turut sebagai berikut : 1.455 volt; 0,032 miliampere; dan 31,9 mW/m2. Limbah kulit pisang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi arus listrik..

, Àlex Jarauta Arabí

• 2016

This research investigates bioelectrochemical system technologyfocusing on electrode material engineering and mathematical modeling. Computational modeling elucidates underlying mechanisms. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologieswith potential for distributed power generation.

Laura Marie Helleckes, Kira Küsters, Christian Wagner et al.

Microbial Cell Factories • 2024

Abstract Background In recent years, the production of inclusion bodies that retain substantial catalytic activity was demonstrated. These catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) are formed by genetic fusion of an aggregation-inducing tag to a gene of interest via short linker polypeptides. The resulting CatIBs are known for their easy and cost-efficient production, recyclability as well as their improved stability. Recent studies have outlined the cooperative effects of linker and aggregation-inducing tag on CatIB activities. However, no a priori prediction is possible so far to indicate the best combination thereof. Consequently, extensive screening is required to find the best performing CatIB variant. Results In this work, a semi-automated cloning workflow was implemented and used for fast generation of 63 CatIB variants with glucose dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis ( Bs GDH). Furthermore, the variant Bs GDH-PT-CBDCell was used to develop, optimize and validate an automated CatIB screening workflow, enhancing the analysis of many CatIB candidates in parallel. Compared to previous studies with CatIBs, important optimization steps include the exclusion of plate position effects in the BioLector by changing the cultivation temperature. For the overall workflow including strain construction, the manual workload could be reduced from 59 to 7 h for 48 variants (88%). After demonstration of high reproducibility with 1.9% relative standard deviation across 42 biological replicates, the workflow was performed in combination with a Bayesian process model and Thompson sampling. While the process model is crucial to derive key performance indicators of CatIBs, Thompson sampling serves as a strategy to balance exploitation and exploration in screening procedures. Our methodology allowed analysis of 63 Bs GDH-CatIB variants within only three batch experiments. Because of the high likelihood of TDoT-PT- Bs GDH being the best CatIB performer, it was selected in 50 biological replicates during the three screening rounds, much more than other, low-performing variants. Conclusions At the current state of knowledge, every new enzyme requires screening for different linker/aggregation-inducing tag combinations. For this purpose, the presented CatIB toolbox facilitates fast and simplified construction and screening procedures. The methodology thus assists in finding the best CatIB producer from large libraries in short time, rendering possible automated Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles to generate structure/function learnings.

, Hamidreza Ghorbani

• 2019

This research investigates bioelectrochemical system technology. The study demonstrates achieving enhanced operational performance and with focus on energy conversion efficiency. Results contribute to the development of sustainable bioelectrochemical technologies.

Sittichot Kradang-nga, Pongsakorn Kachapongkun, Thee Chowwanonthapunya

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) • 2025

This research focused on the separation of hydrogen gas from water and its utilization as a supplementary fuel blended with the primary fuel of an internal combustion engine. The test was divided into two steps: evaluating the energy efficiency of the electrolyzer and conducting experiments on pickup trucks (common rail diesel engine, 2,499 cc) to determine energy savings and pollution emission. The results showed that the efficiency of the electrolysis system with an average electricity consumption of 125.74 W was 84.83 kWh/kgH<sub>2</sub> and the theoretical efficiency of the electrolyzer in separating hydrogen gas from water was 45.97%. Results from the test on a pickup truck using 100% diesel fuel and hydrogen-diesel dual fuel with loads of 1,850 and 2,100 kg over a distance of 11 km showed that using a hydrogen-diesel dual system resulted in fuel savings of 27.8% and 16.70%, as compared to that of using pure diesel fuel system. Besides, levels of black smoke, PM2.5, and PM10 of the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel system were lower than those of the pure diesel fuel system.

Ramesh Jayaraman, Sandirasegarane Thamizharasan, Jeevarathinam Baskaran et al.

IET Power Electronics • 2024

Abstract The advent of multilevel inverters (MLIs) has brought significant advancements in their applications across industrial, residential, and renewable energy sectors, as they produce high‐quality output voltage that closely approximates a sinusoid in small voltage steps or levels, resulting in lower total harmonic distortion (THD) and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, the MLI topologies require more switching unidirectional/bidirectional semiconductor devices with high standing voltage, gate drivers, and complex control strategies while attaining higher voltage levels. From this perspective of reducing component count and gate drivers, the objective is to develop a new MLI topology that overcomes the drawbacks above. In this article, a novel MLI topology is introduced in symmetric and asymmetric configurations aiming to attain fewer power electronic devices for synthesizing more steps in the load voltage in contrast with conventional topologies. The idea behind the approach is coining the series connected voltage source, which imbibes bidirectional current flow with an additional voltage source for performing algebraic operation under asymmetrical modes of operation. The proposed topology uses minimal on‐state switching devices leading to a diminution of power loss and voltage drop. The suggested topology is optimized for a fewer number of power devices, an input DC supply, and auxiliary gate drivers to achieve a maximum voltage level in the load terminals. The suggested topology has been verified in SIMULINK and the laboratory prototype is constructed in line with the simulated response to demonstrate its performance suitable for real‐time applications.

George A. Adebiyi

Advanced Energy Systems • 2002

The major alternatives for producing work from the chemical energy of fuels include combustion systems and fuel cells. Combustion systems are subject to several performance limiting constraints. Key amongst these is the fact that combustion is an uncontrolled chemical reaction and is typically highly irreversible. The requirement to operate below the metallurgical limit adds to the irreversibility or exergy consumption in practical combustion systems. Furthermore, the use of heat exchangers, which must have finite temperature differences between fluid streams, compounds the exergy consumption. The fuel cell conversion system is a major alternative to combustion systems. It operates as a direct conversion device and is often cited as having a potential for 100% second-law efficiency. Realistically, however, the chemical reactions involved are not reversible. More importantly, the available fuel resources must be reformed to make the chemical energy of the fuel convertible to work; such processes require significant exergy input that must be factored into the determination of the overall exergy conversion efficiency attainable. This paper gives a first- and second-law analysis of the alternate systems for conversion of fuel exergy to mechanical work thus providing a more realistic comparison of the potential of both systems.