Gergely Torda, Jennifer M. Donelson, Manuel Aranda et al.

Nature Climate Change • 2017

K. R. Shivanna

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy • 2022

Joshua Dean, Jack J. Middelburg, Thomas Röckmann et al.

Reviews of Geophysics • 2018

Abstract Methane (CH 4 ) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a warming climate, yet current CH 4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH 4 emissions, have high uncertainties. Climate change has the potential to increase CH 4 emissions from critical systems such as wetlands, marine and freshwater systems, permafrost, and methane hydrates, through shifts in temperature, hydrology, vegetation, landscape disturbance, and sea level rise. Increased CH 4 emissions from these systems would in turn induce further climate change, resulting in a positive climate feedback. Here we synthesize biological, geochemical, and physically focused CH 4 climate feedback literature, bringing together the key findings of these disciplines. We discuss environment‐specific feedback processes, including the microbial, physical, and geochemical interlinkages and the timescales on which they operate, and present the current state of knowledge of CH 4 climate feedbacks in the immediate and distant future. The important linkages between microbial activity and climate warming are discussed with the aim to better constrain the sensitivity of the CH 4 cycle to future climate predictions. We determine that wetlands will form the majority of the CH 4 climate feedback up to 2100. Beyond this timescale, CH 4 emissions from marine and freshwater systems and permafrost environments could become more important. Significant CH 4 emissions to the atmosphere from the dissociation of methane hydrates are not expected in the near future. Our key findings highlight the importance of quantifying whether CH 4 consumption can counterbalance CH 4 production under future climate scenarios.

Lieve M. L. Laurens, Jennifer Markham, David W. Templeton et al.

Energy & Environmental Science • 2017

Biomass and bioproduct composition critical improvements are a priority for the nascent algae-based bioeconomy.

Fahed Javed, Muhammad Aslam, Naim Rashid et al.

Fuel • 2019

Jeffrey A. van Santen, Grégoire Jacob, Amrit Leen Singh et al.

ACS Central Science • 2019

Despite rapid evolution in the area of microbial natural products chemistry, there is currently no open access database containing all microbially produced natural product structures. Lack of availability of these data is preventing the implementation of new technologies in natural products science. Specifically, development of new computational strategies for compound characterization and identification are being hampered by the lack of a comprehensive database of known compounds against which to compare experimental data. The creation of an open access, community-maintained database of microbial natural product structures would enable the development of new technologies in natural products discovery and improve the interoperability of existing natural products data resources. However, these data are spread unevenly throughout the historical scientific literature, including both journal articles and international patents. These documents have no standard format, are often not digitized as machine readable text, and are not publicly available. Further, none of these documents have associated structure files (e.g., MOL, InChI, or SMILES), instead containing images of structures. This makes extraction and formatting of relevant natural products data a formidable challenge. Using a combination of manual curation and automated data mining approaches we have created a database of microbial natural products (The Natural Products Atlas, www.npatlas.org) that includes 24 594 compounds and contains referenced data for structure, compound names, source organisms, isolation references, total syntheses, and instances of structural reassignment. This database is accompanied by an interactive web portal that permits searching by structure, substructure, and physical properties. The Web site also provides mechanisms for visualizing natural products chemical space and dashboards for displaying author and discovery timeline data. These interactive tools offer a powerful knowledge base for natural products discovery with a central interface for structure and property-based searching and presents new viewpoints on structural diversity in natural products. The Natural Products Atlas has been developed under FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and is integrated with other emerging natural product databases, including the Minimum Information About a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (MIBiG) repository, and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. It is designed as a community-supported resource to provide a central repository for known natural product structures from microorganisms and is the first comprehensive, open access resource of this type. It is expected that the Natural Products Atlas will enable the development of new natural products discovery modalities and accelerate the process of structural characterization for complex natural products libraries.

Swati Das, Rishabh Raj, Makarand M. Ghangrekar

Journal of Environmental Management • 2025

Beat Frey, Thomas Rime, Marcia Phillips et al.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology • 2016

Permafrost represents a largely understudied genetic resource. Thawing of permafrost with global warming will not only promote microbial carbon turnover with direct feedback on greenhouse gases, but also unlock an unknown microbial diversity. Pioneering metagenomic efforts have shed light on the permafrost microbiome in polar regions, but temperate mountain permafrost is largely understudied. We applied a unique experimental design coupled to high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal markers to characterize the microbiota at the long-term alpine permafrost study site 'Muot-da-Barba-Peider' in eastern Switzerland with an approximate radiocarbon age of 12 000 years. Compared to the active layers, the permafrost community was more diverse and enriched with members of the superphylum Patescibacteria (OD1, TM7, GN02 and OP11). These understudied phyla with no cultured representatives proposedly feature small streamlined genomes with reduced metabolic capabilities, adaptations to anaerobic fermentative metabolisms and potential ectosymbiotic lifestyles. The permafrost microbiota was also enriched with yeasts and lichenized fungi known to harbour various structural and functional adaptation mechanisms to survive under extreme sub-zero conditions. These data yield an unprecedented view on microbial life in temperate mountain permafrost, which is increasingly important for understanding the biological dynamics of permafrost in order to anticipate potential ecological trajectories in a warming world.

Mathieu Ardyna, Kevin R. Arrigo

Nature Climate Change • 2020

Changes in the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere and Ocean are drastically altering the dynamics of phytoplankton, the base of marine ecosystems. This Review addresses four major complementary questions of ongoing Arctic Ocean changes and associated impacts on phytoplankton productivity, phenology and assemblage composition. We highlight trends in primary production over the last two decades while considering how multiple environmental drivers shape Arctic biogeography. Further, we consider changes to Arctic phenology by borealization and hidden under-ice blooms, and how the diversity of phytoplankton assemblages might evolve in a novel Arctic ‘biogeochemical landscape’. It is critical to understand these aspects of changing Arctic phytoplankton dynamics as they exert pressure on marine Arctic ecosystems in addition to direct effects from rapid environmental changes. Ongoing Arctic changes are impacting phytoplankton. This Review considers recent primary productivity trends and the environmental drivers, as well as how these are changing, that drive phytoplankton diversity in the region.

Akanksha Mishra, Meenu Chhabra

Biomass and Bioenergy • 2025

Domenico Ronga, Elisa Biazzi, Katia Parati et al.

Agronomy • 2019

Microalgae are attracting the interest of agrochemical industries and farmers, due to their biostimulant and biofertiliser properties. Microalgal biostimulants (MBS) and biofertilisers (MBF) might be used in crop production to increase agricultural sustainability. Biostimulants are products derived from organic material that, applied in small quantities, are able to stimulate the growth and development of several crops under both optimal and stressful conditions. Biofertilisers are products containing living microorganisms or natural substances that are able to improve chemical and biological soil properties, stimulating plant growth, and restoring soil fertility. This review is aimed at reporting developments in the processing of MBS and MBF, summarising the biologically-active compounds, and examining the researches supporting the use of MBS and MBF for managing productivity and abiotic stresses in crop productions. Microalgae are used in agriculture in different applications, such as amendment, foliar application, and seed priming. MBS and MBF might be applied as an alternative technique, or used in conjunction with synthetic fertilisers, crop protection products and plant growth regulators, generating multiple benefits, such as enhanced rooting, higher crop yields and quality and tolerance to drought and salt. Worldwide, MBS and MBF remain largely unexploited, such that this study highlights some of the current researches and future development priorities.

Jainendra Pathak, Rajneesh, Deepak Kumar Maurya et al.

Frontiers in Environmental Science • 2018

Sustainable supply of food and energy without posing any threat to environment is the current demand of our society in view of continuous increase in global human population and depletion of natural resources of energy. Cyanobacteria have recently emerged as potential candidates who can fulfil abovementioned needs due to their ability to efficiently harvest solar energy and convert it into biomass by simple utilization of CO2, water and nutrients. During conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy, these biological systems produce oxygen as a by-product. Cyanobacterial biomass can be used for the production of food, energy, biofertilizers, secondary metabolites of nutritional, cosmetics and medicinal importance. Therefore, cyanobacterial farming is proposed as environment friendly sustainable agricultural practice which can produce biomass of very high value. Additionally, cyanobacterial farming helps in decreasing the level of greenhouse gas, i.e., CO2, and it can be also used for removing various contaminants from wastewater and soil. However, utilization of cyanobacteria for resolving the abovementioned problems is subjected to economic viability. In this review, we provide details on different aspects of cyanobacterial system that can help in developing sustainable agricultural practices. We also describe different large-scale cultivation systems for cyanobacterial farming and discuss their merits and demerits in terms of economic profitability.

Akash Tripathi, Swati Das, Makarand M. Ghangrekar et al.

Bioresource Technology Reports • 2025

Jagdeep Kumar Nayak, Saurabh Mishra, Amit et al.

Waste and Biomass Valorization • 2022

Pascal Lapébie, Vincent Lombard, Élodie Drula et al.

Nature Communications • 2019

Unlike proteins, glycan chains are not directly encoded by DNA, but by the specificity of the enzymes that assemble them. Theoretical calculations have proposed an astronomical number of possible isomers (> 10 12 hexasaccharides) but the actual diversity of glycan structures in nature is not known. Bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum are considered primary degraders of polysaccharides and they are found in all ecosystems investigated. In Bacteroidetes genomes, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes (CAZymes) are arranged in gene clusters termed polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). The depolymerization of a given complex glycan by Bacteroidetes PULs requires bespoke enzymes; conversely, the enzyme composition in PULs can provide information on the structure of the targeted glycans. Here we group the 13,537 PULs encoded by 964 Bacteroidetes genomes according to their CAZyme composition. We find that collectively Bacteroidetes have elaborated a few thousand enzyme combinations for glycan breakdown, suggesting a global estimate of diversity of glycan structures much smaller than the theoretical one.

Thomas C. Malone, Alice Newton

Frontiers in Marine Science • 2020

Coastal eutrophication caused by anthropogenic nutrient inputs is one of the greatest threats to the health of coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. To better understand and manage this threat, we compared six contrasting coastal ecosystems that are subjected to a range of riverine inputs of freshwater (buoyancy) and nutrients to address (i) impacts of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on ecosystem services; (ii) how ecosystem traits minimize or amplify these impacts; (iii) synergies among pressures (nutrient enrichment, over fishing, coastal development, and climate-driven pressures in particular); and (iv) management of nutrient inputs to coastal ecosystems. Globally, ~ 24% of the anthropogenic N released in coastal watersheds is estimated to reach coastal ecosystems. Our comparative assessment revealed that (i) in terms of the spatial extent of habitat degradation, Chesapeake Bay ranks number one followed in rank order by the northern Gulf of Mexico, the Baltic Sea, Great Barrier Reef, East China Sea and the northern Adriatic Sea; (ii) impacts of increases in anthropogenic nutrient loading are, and will continue to be, exacerbated by synergies with other pressures including over fishing, coastal development and climate-driven increases in sea surface temperature, acidification and rainfall; and (iii) when defined in terms of quantitative ranges of primary production, trophic status is not useful for relating anthropogenic nutrient loading to impacts. While managed reductions in point source inputs from sewage treatment plants are increasingly successful, controlling inputs from diffuse sources remains a challenging problem. Thus, it is likely that the severity of coastal eutrophication will continue to increase in the absence of effectively enforced, ecosystem-based management of both point and diffuse sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. This requires sustained, integrated research and monitoring, as well as repeated assessments of nutrient loading and impacts. These must be informed and guided by ongoing collaborations among scientists, politicians, managers and the public.

Swaroop S. Sonone, Swapnali Jadhav, Mahipal Singh Sankhla et al.

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience • 2020

Heavy metals are metals with relatively high density and toxic at very low concentrations. The common heavy metal pollutants can be traced everywhere in minimal quantities. Heavy metals contaminate aquatic environments through various sources like industrial waste, domestic effluents, atmospheric sources, and other metal-based industries, E-Waste. Aquaculture is the rearing of aquatic animals and other organisms. Heavy metal toxicity is responsible for the degradation of the population of aquaculture, causing physical deformities in organisms and polluting the aquatic environment. These toxic heavy metals cause various diseases in fishes. As fishes are part of human consumption, it is indirectly affecting humans also. The food chain is greatly impacted by the introduction of heavy metals in water bodies & aquatic ecosystems. These heavy metals have greater significance on the environment as they persist for longer durations and have bioaccumulative capacities causing degradation of water health.

Hassan Nazir, L. Cindrella, Sujin P. Jose et al.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy • 2020

María Erans, Eloy S. Sanz-Pérez, Dawid P. Hanak et al.

Energy & Environmental Science • 2022

This comprehensive review appraises the state-of-the-art in direct air capture materials, processes, economics, sustainability, and policy, to inform, challenge and inspire a broad audience of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

Shrestha Debnath, Dipankar Ghosh

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology • 2022

Human civilization faces a huge energy crisis due to climate alterations and reduction in fossil fuel reserves. Biofuels are sustainable platform that can combat this burning issue currently. Biodiesel is a potential fossil fuel alternative from cooking, soybean, or plant-derived oil resources. Existing biodiesel production processes are directly competing with food chain. Algae are impressive alternatives for biodiesel generation as algae grow without competition with food chain, have an inherently faster growth rate, and have higher lipid content under diverse nutrient-limiting environments. Lignocellulosic waste (LCW) accumulation has been increasing through anthropogenic activities. Accumulation of LCW causes ill effects on environment and human health. Thus, a faster paradigm shift needs to be required for establishing a single platform to perform lignocellulosic biomass degradation along with higher lipid production as biodiesel precursor. Few studies show algal endoglucanase or cellulase activities for degrading LCW to generate monomeric constituents which can further be channelized to produce higher biomass and lipid contents as biodiesel precursor. Thus, the present study focuses on a feasibility attempt to show that mangrove algal isolates could be a potential microbial cell factory for cellulose degradation as a major constituent of LCW and higher lipid production as potential precursor for biodiesel production in near future.

Jens M. Nielsen, Elizabeth L. Clare, Brian Hayden et al.

Methods in Ecology and Evolution • 2017

Abstract Determining diet is a key prerequisite for understanding species interactions, food web structure and ecological dynamics. In recent years, there has been considerable development in both the methodology and application of novel and more traditional dietary tracing methods, yet there is no comprehensive synthesis that systematically and quantitatively compares the different approaches. Here we conceptualise diet tracing in ecology, provide recommendations for method selection, and illustrate the advantages of method integration. We summarise empirical evidence on how different methods quantify diet mixtures, by contrasting estimates of dietary proportions from multiple methods applied to the same consumer‐resource datasets, or from experimental studies with known diet compositions. Our data synthesis revealed an urgent need for more experiential comparisons among the dietary methods. The comparison of diet quantifications from field observations showed that different techniques aligned well in cases with less than six diet items, but diverged considerably when applied to more complex diet mixtures. Efforts are ongoing to further advance dietary estimation, including how reliably compound specific stable isotope analyses and fatty acid profiles can quantify more prey items than bulk stable isotope analyses. Similarly, DNA analyses, which can depict trophic interactions at a higher resolution than any other method, are generating new ways to better quantify diets and differentiate among life‐stages of prey. Such efforts, combined with more empirical testing of each dietary method and establishment of open data repositories for dietary data, promise to greatly advance community and ecosystem ecology.

Fabrice Ndayisenga, Zhisheng Yu, Telesphore Kabera et al.

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy • 2021

Alexandre M. Anesio, Stefanie Lutz, Nathan Chrismas et al.

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes • 2017

Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical and chemical environment. In the case of the glacial biome, the biological processes are dominated almost exclusively by microbial communities. Habitats on glaciers and ice sheets with enough liquid water to sustain microbial activity include snow, surface ice, cryoconite holes, englacial systems and the interface between ice and overridden rock/soil. There is a remarkable similarity between the different specific glacial habitats across glaciers and ice sheets worldwide, particularly regarding their main primary producers and ecosystem engineers. At the surface, cyanobacteria dominate the carbon production in aquatic/sediment systems such as cryoconite holes, while eukaryotic Zygnematales and Chlamydomonadales dominate ice surfaces and snow dynamics, respectively. Microbially driven chemolithotrophic processes associated with sulphur and iron cycle and C transformations in subglacial ecosystems provide the basis for chemical transformations at the rock interface under the ice that underpin an important mechanism for the delivery of nutrients to downstream ecosystems. In this review, we focus on the main ecosystem engineers of glaciers and ice sheets and how they interact with their chemical and physical environment. We then discuss the implications of this microbial activity on the icy microbiome to the biogeochemistry of downstream ecosystems.

Huichao Zhang, Qian Yan, Zhongyi An et al.

SSRN Electronic Journal • 2022

Patricia M. Glibert, Michele A. Burford

Oceanography • 2017

It is now well recognized that there are more harmful algal blooms (HABs), more often, in new and different places, often lasting longer, and with a range of toxicities, and that many of these blooms are related to nutrient pollution. Nutrient loads are increasing globally, but they are changing regionally in proportion and in the dominant form of nutrient. The fact that nutrient loads have generally increased is, in itself, insufficient for the promotion of HABs. The success of HABs lies at the intersection of the physiological adaptations of the harmful algal species, environmental conditions, and interactions with co-occurring organisms that alter abiotic conditions and/or aggregate or disperse cells, in turn promoting or inhibiting their growth. It is a change in the supply of the right nutrients at the right time that helps to create conditions conducive to specific HABs. Many dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial HABs appear to have adaptations that allow them to exploit environments-and potentially even become more toxic-where nutrients are not in balanced (Redfield) proportions. HABs are also changing in complex ways due to changes in climate and many other changes that affect the timing, amount, or proportions of nutrients. There is much work to be done to understand the physiological ecology of HABs and other co-occurring species. Climate change and altered CO 2 levels, and their implications for altered productivity of the global ocean, should motivate both new models and new experimental investigations that support them. Based on current knowledge, the management implications are clear: the most effective actions to reduce HABs and their impacts will be continued efforts to reduce nutrients entering our waters.

Adil Mohamed Osman, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Ahmad Noormazlinah

Science and Technology for Energy Transition • 2024

Microalgae-Microbial Fuel Cell (M-MFC) technology stands out as a highly promising innovation at the nexus of renewable energy and environmental conservation. This cutting-edge approach utilizes microorganisms, including bacteria and algae, to convert the chemical energy in wastewater into electricity, addressing both wastewater treatment and electricity generation. M-MFC relies on microorganisms to convert chemical energy, utilizing components readily available in wastewater, making it a sustainable energy source with considerable potential. Beyond its eco-friendly electricity generation, M-MFC offers cost-effective electricity production, alleviating expenses associated with wastewater treatment and overall electricity consumption. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate bio-electrochemical mechanism of M-MFC, shedding light on recent developments and applications. The discussion encompasses crucial factors influencing M-MFC performance, and its essential elements and functions. This review examines the MFC system, particularly M-MFCs, with a focus attention to the functions of key elements such as the anode, cathode, and microorganisms. Additionally, it delves into the material design and configuration of M-MFCs. Furthermore, the review addresses current issues and limitations related to M-MFC systems.

Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg, Elvira S. Poloczanska, William Skirving et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science • 2017

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat to a large range of organisms as well as other ecological goods and services. Warm-water coral reefs, for example, occupy shallow sunlit, warm and alkaline waters in order to grow and calcify at the high rates necessary to build and maintain their calcium carbonate structures. At deeper locations (40 – 150 m), “mesophotic” (low light) coral reefs accumulate calcium carbonate at much lower rates (if at all in some cases) yet remain important as habitat for a wide range of organisms, including those important for fisheries. Finally, even deeper, down to 2000 m or more, the so-called ‘cold-water’ coral reefs are found in the dark depths. Despite their importance, coral reefs are facing significant challenges from human activities including pollution, over-harvesting, physical destruction, and climate change. In the latter case, even lower greenhouse gas emission scenarios (such as Representative Concentration Pathway RCP 4.5) are likely drive the elimination of most warm-water coral reefs by 2040-2050. Cold-water corals are also threatened by warming temperatures and ocean acidification although evidence of the direct effect of climate change is less clear. Evidence that coral reefs can adapt at rates which are sufficient for them to keep up with rapid ocean warming and acidification is minimal, especially given that corals are long-lived and hence have slow rates of evolution. Conclusions that coral reefs will migrate to higher latitudes as they warm are equally unfounded, with the observations of tropical species appearing at high latitudes ‘necessary but not sufficient’ evidence that entire coral reef ecosystems are shifting. On the contrary, coral reefs are likely to degrade rapidly over the next 20 years, presenting fundamental challenges for the 500 million people who derive food, income, coastal protection, and a range of other services from coral reefs. Unless rapid advances to the goals of the Paris Climate Change Agreement occur over the next decade, hundreds of millions of people are likely to face increasing amounts of poverty and social disruption, and, in some cases, regional insecurity.

Farahbod Heidari, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Liss C. Werner et al.

Frontiers in Energy Research • 2021

Domestic greywater produced via household chores has a major contribution to environmental pollution and is also the best-untapped energy source. Since the past decade, in the different fields, enormous efforts have been made to reach the bio-energy from bio-waste. These efforts consist of a wide range of thermochemical, bio-chemical, and microbial fuel cells; etc. however, all these efforts are in their infancy. They have high cost and are efficient on a large-scale; furthermore, these efforts used a non-intelligent process that has led to lack of development in this type of review. This ongoing research presents the smart design process that leads to hybrid energy via the intersection of computation, wastewater, and microorganisms and aims to introduce the novel bio-computational machine based on particle Physics. Therefore, we will investigate the mixture of the microbial fuel cells, specifically “Spirulina” micro-algae, and household chores greywater. In the computational framework, we propose high-precise fluid simulation with the advantage of particle position and dynamic physics for the conversion of the mixture of “Spirulina medium,” and household chore greywater makes energy control possible through flow, and management of the type of solution mix, by transferring data from the modules to the digital environment. Finally, these datasets simulate behavior based on the physical properties of each particle. The procedure works in a parametric computer-aided design (CAD) environment and through Grasshopper within Rhinoceros Software by syncing bio-computational machine to the digital environment. The solenoid valve and fluid flow controller applied between the nutritious tank and energy conversion tank measure nutritional consumption and sends it to the digital environment numerically with an Arduino-Uno board kit. These batch numerical signals are stored in our local database then are combined with the particle physics engine and simulate the material behavior; also, they provide the ability to control our bio-computational machine digitally.

Rita Araújo, Fatima Vázquez Calderón, Javier Sánchez López et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science • 2021

The EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to support the sustainable growth and development of the EU bio-based sectors while creating jobs, innovation and services. Despite the recognized potential of the algae biomass value chain, significant knowledge gaps still exist regarding the dimension, capability, organization and structure of the algae production in Europe. This study presents and analyses the results of a comprehensive mapping and detailed characterization of the algae production at the European scale, encompassing macroalgae, microalgae, and the cyanobacteria Spirulina. This work mapped 447 algae and Spirulina production units spread between 23 countries, which represents an important addition to the reported number of algae producing countries. More than 50% of these companies produce microalgae and/or Spirulina. Macroalgae production is still depending on harvesting from wild stocks (68% of the macroalgae producing units) but macroalgae aquaculture (land-based and at sea) is developing in several countries in Europe currently representing 32% of the macroalgae production units. France, Ireland, and Spain are the top 3 countries in number of macroalgae production units while Germany, Spain, and Italy stand for the top 3 for microalgae. Spirulina producers are predominantly located in France, Italy, Germany, and Spain. Algae and Spirulina biomass is directed primarily for food and food-related applications including the extraction of high-value products for food supplements and nutraceuticals. Algae production in Europe remains limited by a series of technological, regulatory and market-related barriers. Yet, the results of this study emphasize that the European algae sector has a considerable potential for sustainable development as long as the acknowledged economic, social and environmental challenges are addressed.

Bridget R. Deemer, John A. Harrison, Siyue Li et al.

BioScience • 2016

Collectively, reservoirs created by dams are thought to be an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. So far, efforts to quantify, model, and manage these emissions have been limited by data availability and inconsistencies in methodological approach. Here, we synthesize reservoir CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O emission data with three main objectives: (1) to generate a global estimate of GHG emissions from reservoirs, (2) to identify the best predictors of these emissions, and (3) to consider the effect of methodology on emission estimates. We estimate that GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces account for 0.8 (0.5-1.2) Pg CO 2 equivalents per year, with the majority of this forcing due to CH 4 . We then discuss the potential for several alternative pathways such as dam degassing and downstream emissions to contribute significantly to overall emissions. Although prior studies have linked reservoir GHG emissions to reservoir age and latitude, we find that factors related to reservoir productivity are better predictors of emission.

Rakesh Kumar Mishra

British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies • 2023

Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change impact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious deforestation global warming etc.Human health is affected by change in biodiversity and ecosystem.Climate change will affect the quality of drinking water and impact of fresh water availability and impact on public health. About 70% of Earth’s surface is water of which 97.5% is salty water and 2.5% is fresh water. Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible. As sea water rise’s , salt water of ocean in filtrate as coastal fresh water due heavy rainfall and flooding waste more fertilizer and municipal sewage mixed with costal fresh water and change alter into more oxygen dead zone. Weather extreme and climate variability is main driver of food production in recent global challenge. Recent global challenge food security, fresh water availability, increase incidence of extreme high sea level. Loss of agriculture reproduction and increase in food prices and changes in weather patterns and alter availability and quality of water in many part of world. Climate change is an on-going phenomenon. This will inevitably bring about numerous environmental problems, including alterations to the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by anthropogenic activity.Chemical fertlizer’s has been adversely affecting the flora, fauna as well as soil quality . more ever every year plant pathogen are causing loss of 10 to 20% of agricultural production worldwide. Ground water will be vital to alleviate some of the worst drought situations. flooding and contaiminated water supplies, more intense weather events are likely to increase to risk of infectious disease epidemics and erosion of low-lying and costal land. Climate Chang will affect the quality of drinking Water and impact of fresh water availlablity and impact on public health it’s better to use UV Water purifiers.This paper will explore what climate change. Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change imapact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious global warming .Impacts of sea level rise on salinity intrusion global climate change has resulted in gradual sea level rise. sea l

Yussur D Abdulwahab, Alaá Kareem Mohammed, Talib R. Abbas

Baghdad Science Journal • 2021

The current study deals with the performance of constructed wetland (CW) incorporating a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The whole unit is referred to as CW-MFC. This technique involves two treatments; the first is an aerobic treatment which occurs in the upper layer of the system (cathode section) and the second is anaerobic biological treatment in the lower layer of the system (anode section). Two types of electrode material were tested; stainless steel and graphite. Three configurations for electrodes arrangement CW-MFC were used. In the first unit of CW-MFC, the anode was graphite plate (GPa) and cathode was also graphite plate (GPc), in the second CW-MFC unit, the anode was stainless steel mesh (SSMa) and the cathode was a couple of stainless steel plain (SSPc). The anode in the third CW-MFC unit was stainless steel mesh (SSMa) and the cathode was graphite plate (GPc). It was found that the maximum performance for electricity generation (9 mW/m3) was obtained in the unit with stainless steel mesh as anode and graphite plate as cathode. After 10 days of operation, the best result for COD removal (70%) was obtained in the unit with stainless steel mesh as anode and stainless steel plain as cathode. The effect of temperature was also investigated. The performance of unit operation for electricity generation was tested at three values of temperature; 30, 35 and 40oC. The best result was obtained at 40oC, at which the current density obtained was 80 mA/m3. A culture of Algae could grow in the unit in order to supply the cathodic region with oxygen.

Lakhan Kumar, Raksha Anand, Neha Nanda et al.

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery • 2022

Safa H. Fadhil, Zainab Z. Ismail

Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects • 2022

The photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC) being one of the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) type, seems to be as a great promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanied with renewable energy production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of blue-green algae-based PMFC for simultaneous biotreatment of actual slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW), ammonium removal, and bioenergy recovery. The experimental results demonstrated significant removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium (NH4+) of 99.6 ± 0.5%, and 82.7 ± 1.5%, respectively associated with a power output of 469.6 ± 3.0 mW/m2. Butler–Volmer–Monod model was applied to describe the overpotential-polarization curve for the suggested PMFC. A significant agreement was observed between the experimental and predicted results with a determination coefficient (R2) value of 0.974. The observed favorable results reported in this investigation strongly encourage the use of the proposed technique for the treatment of slaughterhouse effluents.

Tanisha Manchanda, Rashmi Tyagi, Vijaya Kumar Nalla et al.

Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques • 2018

Algal biotechnology has gained interest world over as it is a better resource in comparison to land biomass. One interesting emerging application is its utilization in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the production of electricity while utilizing these algae for the treatment of industrial wastewater besides hydrocarbons and lipid production later. Presently, the potential of two strains of an oil-rich green alga Botryococcus braunii has been studied for its utilization in microbial fuel cells. Photosynthetic algal strains in various media in the cathodic half of the MFCs provided a continuous source of oxygen from their photosynthesis to serve as electron acceptor. This helped in reducing the cost of energy needed for mechanical aeration to enrich the catholyte with oxygen as electron acceptor. These cathodic half cells were combined separately with three different anolytes, firstly Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture alone, secondly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture supplemented with the mediator methylene blue (350 mg/L) and thirdly, sugar industry wastewater mixed with activated sludge. Amongst MFCs consisting of various combinations of these catholytes and anolytes, highest values of power density (7.27 μW/cm2) and current density (20.87 μA/cm2) were observed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture supplemented with methylene blue as the anolyte and B. braunii in soap industry wastewater as the catholyte. Present study demonstrates the potential of the coupling of cultivation of photosynthetic B. braunii for biodiesel production with the wastewater treatment plant as a sustainable source of electricity in microbial fuel cells.

Richa Kothari, Atin Kumar Pathak, Har Mohan Singh et al.

Process Safety and Environmental Protection • 2024

Zia Ullah, Zeshan Sheikh

Renewable Energy • 2023

Yifei Wang, Wen‐Ting Wang, Xiang Qi et al.

The Science of The Total Environment • 2023

Jinfang Zheng, Qiwei Ge, Yuchen Yan et al.

Nucleic Acids Research • 2023

Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are made by various organisms for complex carbohydrate metabolism. Genome mining of CAZymes has become a routine data analysis in (meta-)genome projects, owing to the importance of CAZymes in bioenergy, microbiome, nutrition, agriculture, and global carbon recycling. In 2012, dbCAN was provided as an online web server for automated CAZyme annotation. dbCAN2 (https://bcb.unl.edu/dbCAN2) was further developed in 2018 as a meta server to combine multiple tools for improved CAZyme annotation. dbCAN2 also included CGC-Finder, a tool for identifying CAZyme gene clusters (CGCs) in (meta-)genomes. We have updated the meta server to dbCAN3 with the following new functions and components: (i) dbCAN-sub as a profile Hidden Markov Model database (HMMdb) for substrate prediction at the CAZyme subfamily level; (ii) searching against experimentally characterized polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) with known glycan substates of the dbCAN-PUL database for substrate prediction at the CGC level; (iii) a majority voting method to consider all CAZymes with substrate predicted from dbCAN-sub for substrate prediction at the CGC level; (iv) improved data browsing and visualization of substrate prediction results on the website. In summary, dbCAN3 not only inherits all the functions of dbCAN2, but also integrates three new methods for glycan substrate prediction.

Guang Rong, Q. P. Hu

OALib • 2017

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) with an algae-assisted cathode is a low-cost and sustainable way to provide the oxygen for the oxygen reduction reaction. The anode was with anaerobic microorganism, a kind of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB-B). An algae bioreactor was connected to cathode microbial fuel cells to increase power generation by supplying more oxygen to cathode electrode. In this study, we used red, blue and white LED light as the light source, and the anode and cathode were under irradiation respectively. The result showed that white LED light was an effective factor for the anode, the cell voltage was built up from 34 mv to 60 mv, power density increased up to 2.5 mW/m 2 , the red and blue light had positive impact on the voltage. At cathode, the voltage was almost on steady stage conditions, and it was fluctuated around 35 mv by oxygen bubbles that were produced by algae. This relatively simple method increased the oxygen reduction rate at a low cost and could be applied to improve the performance of MFC.