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Frontiers in Microbiology • 2017

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Biotechnology Letters • 2016

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Journal of Power Sources • 2020

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Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering • 2010

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Bioresource Technology • 2010

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Journal of Power Sources • 2018

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Bioresource Technology • 2025

Microfluidic microbial fuel cells (MMFC) are one of the most promising power sources. However, due to the lack of clarity in the internal operating mechanism, the output performance is suboptimal. Thus, a comprehensive two-dimensional cathode dual-population model is developed to gain deeper insights into internal workings. Based on verifying the accuracy of the model, the influence of temperature, ionic strength, and spacing of electrode on the performance and microbial growth of MMFC are explored. The finding reveal a nonlinear trend in the performance of MMFC at temperatures of 293.15 K and 313.15 K. Furthermore, the impact of electrode spacing and ionic strength on the performance of MMFC is examined, thereby emphasizing the applicability in experimental research and numerical simulation. This study provided insights into the operating mechanism of dual-population microbial microfluidic fuel cells.

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Chemical Engineering Journal • 2024

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Elsevier BV • 2025

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Elsevier BV • 2024

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Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical • 2024

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Journal of Power Sources • 2024

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Batteries • 2025

Processing Shoparwe 2021 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 765 012102...

• 2025

Processing 1 s2.0 S037877532400541X main...

Shanshan Wang, En Liang, Xiaolu Han et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

The application of binder jet 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical field is developing rapidly. The properties of the ink are very important, affecting the stability of the ejection and the precision of the finished product, but there is a great lack of research on pharmaceutical inks. This study used solvents and excipients commonly used in pharmaceuticals to quantify the printability of inks using printability Z value theory, while using an ink-jet printing and observation platform to analyze the droplet ejection state of different composition inks from microscopic level. Studies have shown that compared to ethanol, the ejection effect of droplets was better when isopropanol was added to the ink, and the proportion added should not be greater than 40%; as the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) increased, the concentration of PVP tolerated by the ink decreased; glycerin has a high ejection efficiency when the proportion is within 10%. In summary, a superior ink formulation of 40% aqueous isopropanol plus 0.1% PVP K30 and 4% glycerin was obtained. With this ink, levetiracetam dispersible tablets were prepared with a smooth printing process and the tablets had good appearance, good mechanical properties, and rapid release. This study provides a mutual validation of the Z value theory and the results of droplet ejection and tablet printing, while providing good ideas.

Shuai Wang, Jia Lin, Hua Jin et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Ceramics have many applications in mechanics, electronics, aerospace, and biomedicine because of their high mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and excellent chemical stability. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a fast, efficient, and intelligent technology that has revolutionized the manufacturing of complex structural parts. Among many ceramic 3D printing technologies, photopolymerization-based 3D printing techniques print out molded ceramic components with high molding accuracy and surface finish and have received widespread attention. This article reviews the current research status and problems experienced by three mainstream ceramic photocuring technologies, namely stereoscopic, digital light processing, and two-photon polymerization.

Akhter Zia, Syed Comail Abbas, Bashir Khoda

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025

Access to clean water remains unattainable due to water pollution caused by various sources. Conventional water purification methods fall short of eliminating micro-sized and soluble contaminants, promoting the exploration of innovative approaches utilizing nanomaterials. Thus, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attained considerable attention for water filtration, exhibiting high pollutant adsorption potential due to their abundant and well-organized nanoporous structure. However, a major limitation of MOFs is secondary contamination arising from MOFs leaching and detaching from the substrate on which they are synthesized. Herein, we propose a novel design and manufacturing of MOF-laden monolith 3D structure (MLMS) to minimize such drawbacks. Using extrusion-based additive manufacturing, we constructed the MLMS with macroscale porosity, employing a Moiré pattern to enhance its mechanical strength in different dynamic fluid conditions. Copper-based MOFs (Cu-MOFs) were integrated within the MLMS with high adhesion by the introduction of heat treatment, thereby minimizing leaching and detaching while maintaining the pollutant absorption capability. Furthermore, the Cu-MOFs’ growth, distribution, and adsorption efficiencies have been studied by growing them on various commercially available 3D printing polymers [polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and thermoplastic polyurethane]. The results show that the surface area covered by the MOFs ranges from 12.8% to 75.8% depending on the number synthesis cycle. In addition, a reduced leaching rate of 16.1% from the MLMS was observed at a high-water flux (4.14 × 10 3 L m −2 h −1 ), demonstrating significant adhesion between the MLMS and Cu-MOF nanoparticles. The adsorption efficiency of malachite green dye was further analyzed with Cu-MOFs@MLMS, showing removal efficiency of 94.77% and 36.42% under stagnant and dynamic flow (1.18 × 10 3 L m −2 h −1 ) conditions, respectively, when MLMS was made of PETG. The findings reveal the MLMS’ potential in removing contaminants under both stationary and flowing systems and the broad applicability of MOFs-loaded 3D-printed monoliths for scalable and efficient water filtration systems.

Abigail Batley, Bryce Dyer, Philip Sewell

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

This research investigates the impact of aging and humidity on the mechanical properties, specifically stiffness and hysteresis, of composite 3D-printed pediatric prosthetic foot coupon samples. Understanding these effects is essential for ensuring the durability and performance of 3D-printed prosthetic devices in varying environmental conditions. A Markforged Mark 2 (Markforged Inc., Massachusetts) 3D printer was used to fabricate samples from Onyx, reinforced with carbon fiber. Compression testing was conducted, adapted from the ISO 10328 standard to evaluate the samples under conditions that simulate real-world use. Microscopy analysis was used for visual inspection of the samples post-testing. Results indicate that both stiffness and hysteresis properties of the composite samples deteriorate significantly with increased humidity exposure. Stiffness of the samples decreased by approximately 30% after 90 days, and hysteresis efficiency declined from 83% to 72%, reflecting a reduction in energy return capability. These findings highlight the importance of understanding how the mechanical properties of composite 3D-printed pediatric prosthetic components change over time, especially under varying environmental conditions. The observed reductions in stiffness and hysteresis efficiency demonstrate the negative impacts on prosthetic performance and durability, and the effect this could have on the end user. This research also emphasizes the necessity of investigating methods to maintain the initial mechanical properties, such as developing protective coatings or improved material formulations, to ensure the long-term reliability and effectiveness of pediatric prosthetic devices.

Jonathan M. Ford, Frank J. Rybicki, Jonathan M. Morris et al.

3D Printing in Medicine • 2024

Clayton A. Young, MeiLi O'Bannon, Scott L. Thomson

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

A methodology for three-dimensionally printing ultrasoft silicone with a functional stiffness gradient is presented. Ultraviolet-cure silicone was deposited via two independently controlled extruders into a thixotropic, gel-like, silicone oil-based support matrix. Each extruder contained a different liquid silicone formulation. The extrusion rates were independently varied during printing such that the combined selectively deposited material contained different ratios of the two silicones, resulting in localized control of material stiffness. Tests to validate the process are reported, including tensile testing of homogeneous cubic specimens to quantify the range of material stiffness that could be printed, indentation testing of cuboid specimens to characterize printed stiffness gradients, and vibratory testing of synthetic multilayer vocal fold (VF) models to demonstrate that the method may be applied to the fabrication of biomechanical models for voice production research. The cubic specimens exhibited linear stress–strain data with tensile elasticity modulus values between 1.11 and 27.1 kPa, more than a factor of 20 in stiffness variation. The cuboid specimens exhibited material variations that were visually recognizable and quantifiable via indentation testing. The VF models withstood rigorous phonatory flow-induced vibration and exhibited vibratory characteristics comparable to those of previous models. Overall, while process refinements are needed, the results of these tests demonstrate the ability to print ultrasoft silicone with stiffness gradients.

Jin Ik Lim

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2023

For three-dimensional (3D) printing material applications in tissue engineering, acetylated chitosan (AC)/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) composites were prepared by the melt mixing method using the acetylation of chitosan with PCL. The physiochemical properties of the AC/PCL composites were examined by measuring the water contact angles, dispersity of AC on the cross-section using scanning electron microscopy, and temperature stability. In addition, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending stress recovery were measured to determine the elasticity of the composite films. The fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 was used to test the relative cell affinities based on the AC content and cell viability on AC/PCL at various temperatures. There was no difference between the melting points and tensile strengths of the AC/PCL composites and pure PCL. Overall, the AC/PCL composites showed high initial cell adhesion after 4 h of cell culture and increased cell proliferation compared to those of PCL composites used as a control. Based on these tests, an AC of 10.7 wt% was determined to be the optimal composition for the AC/PCL composite. Thus, these composites can be used in various 3D printing material applications in tissue engineering.

Olga Beatrice Carcassi, Tashania Akemah, Lola Ben-Alon

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025

3D-printed earth materials that incorporate natural raw soils have been recently emerging due to their ecological and affordability potential. However, earth materials applications in additive manufacturing have been limited to thick mass assemblies with little to no fiber reinforcement. The addition of natural plant fibers within earth-based mixtures may advantageously increase ductility while allowing for lightweight assembly types, such as thin and perforated elements. This article presents a novel research development on natural, raw, and untreated earth-fiber compositions with maximized wheat straw fiber content for 3D-printed lightweight architectural tiling applications. Initiated with an experimental printability apparatus of a range of mix designs, a printable "light straw clay" mixture is defined through extrudability and buildability tests. Then, combining the digital craft of weaving with natural fibers for earthen lightweight artifacts, a geometric analysis explores potential super lightweight and structurally sound tessellations to allow for minimum material in the production of perforated panels. The third phase of the research included structural bending tests to assess the number of layers required for the final tile production. Finally, the resulting 3D-printed modular components were assembled to create a lightweight installation, hung and exhibited with an interplay of light and shade. By maximizing co-product vegetable fiber content within an earthen and bio-based paste, this research aims to increase the carbon storage capabilities of digital earth construction while enhancing its lightness and tensile possibilities. Learning from vernacular "recipes" of natural earth- and fiber-based construction, the developed paper-thin partition assemblage presented in this article contributes to wider possibilities of natural, nonconventional, and radically low-carbon material systems and geometries in digital fabrication.

Donglai Zhou, Yaodong Yang, Wei-Feng Rao

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Traditional fabrication methods for creating flexible magnetoelectric sensors are often laborious and challenging when it comes to personalization. This article employs fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology to produce flexible multifunctional sensors. (0-3) type composite filaments were prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 , abbreviated as CFO). These filaments can be printed into various shapes, exhibiting good mechanical and electrical properties. Crucial parameters, such as different component ratios and CFO particle sizes, were analyzed. This study can serve as a valuable reference for the future development of personalized wearable sensors.

Puskal Kunwar, Mark James Ransbottom, Pranav Soman

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2022

Hydrogels are widely used materials due to their biocompatibility, their ability to mimic the hydrated and porous extracellular microenvironment, as well as their ability to tune both mechanical and biochemical properties. However, most hydrogels lack mechanical toughness, and shaping them into complicated three-dimensional (3D) structures remains challenging. In the past decade, tough and stretchable double-network hydrogels (DN gels) were developed for tissue engineering, soft robotics, and applications that require a combination of high-energy dissipation and large deformations. Although DN gels were processed into simple shapes by using conventional casting and molding methods, new 3D printing methods have enabled the shaping of DN gels into structurally complex 3D geometries. This review will describe the state-of-art technologies for shaping tough and stretchable DN gels into custom geometries by using conventional molding and casting, extrusion, and optics-based 3D printing, as well as the key challenges and future outlook in this field.

Lorenzo Airoldi, Riccardo Brucculeri, Primo Baldini et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2023

Simon Höving, Marc Akermann, Arthur Schiller et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Abstract The use of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) as a material for material extrusion 3D-printing is a novel approach in additive manufacturing. Its chemical inertness and high biocompatibility emerges the potential for chemical, biochemical, and life science applications while keeping the flexibility in design and manufacturing of 3D-printing. In this study, as functionalization, an incorporation of deviating weight ratios (28–20 wt%) of carbon black into the polymer matrix through a compounding process is shown. The resulting adjustable specific electrical resistivity (0.6–17 Ωm) of the conducive COC is specified with a high-precision measuring method. The material blends are used for the fabrication of several structures utilizing the electrical conductivity. With a panel of eight different solvents, the solvent and additionally the temperature stability are compared with those of a commercially available clear/conductive polylactic acid material set. In sum, the use of conductive and clear COC in material extrusion 3D-printing may be a future game changer for laboratory environments usage or small-scale experiments where highly specialized (hybrid) structures are needed.

Jingjing Yan, Zhiling Yuan, Qiang Liu et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2023

Additive manufacturing-oriented topology optimization features in the extreme geometric complexity that magnifies the product functional performance. However, the increased geometric complexity makes postprocessing of the designs technically nontrivial and sometimes inefficient because of too many structural details. To address this issue, this article presents a novel printing-ready topology optimization method whereby the topological designs can be directly exported in the format of a printing-ready G-code, which saves the postprocessing efforts of stereo lithograph (STL) model generation, model slicing, and tool path planning. More importantly, the slicing and tool path information can be tracked all the time during optimization to facilitate the evaluation of the tool path-related material constitutive model, for example, the fiber-reinforced composites, so as to improve the numerical analysis accuracy and the design result optimality. Finally, three case studies are performed to test the postprocessing efficiency of the printing-ready approach and the multi-scale design case, which demonstrates the outstanding high efficiency characteristic of the proposed approach.

Yui-yiu Wong, Chu-po Ho, Chi-wai Kan

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

3D printed fashion products have become a trend. This article explains use of fused deposition modeling technology for 3D printing of fabrics with thermoplastic polyurethane flexible filament. A total of 15 structures of fabric were designed and printed for fabric performance tests. The fabric structures were “woven-like.” Those fabrics were printed by 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 mm nozzles, separately. Meanwhile, the fabrics had various layer heights, but total thickness of the fabric was fixed at 0.6 mm. The strongest fabric could resist up to 460 N in ball burst test. In tensile test, the strongest fabric was broken at 230 N and maximum elongation was 647% at break. Besides, the failure performance was analyzed, recovery ability of fabric was also evaluated. The least deformation of the fabric was 2.5% after stretching with 60 N and releasing for five cycles. These results of the fabric performance could be a database and a reference for designing the structure of an apparel or a garment.

Tomasz Kozior, Muammel M. Hanon, Paweł Zmarzły et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Nian Cai, Xiaona Chen, Weicheng Ou et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Alaa Almansoori, Safaa Kh. Al-Jumaili, Haider M. Mohammad et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Lower surface roughness is a good quality indicator as it is directly related to mechanical strength, permeability, and aesthetic properties of printed three-dimensional (3D) objects. This study evaluated the effect of nanoclay and laser power on the surface properties of laser-sintered (LS) objects. LS specimens created from polyamide 12 (PA12) and composites were tested for surface roughness on top and bottom surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy with surface roughness tester were used to evaluate the surface morphology like surface roughness, melt-ability, and homogeneity of dispersion of nanoclay in the LS fused polymer matrix. This study’s findings demonstrate the importance of nanoclay as a filler in LS polymer-based 3D objects. Nanoclay particles interact with polymer particles via physical and chemical cross-links. These interactions increase the packing density of particles in 3D objects, which increases their surface smoothness. Thus, this study demonstrated that the addition of nanoclay to the LS polymeric powder with optimized laser power exhibited improved surface properties with an expectation to emerge new applications.

Shervin Foroughi, Vahid Karamzadeh, Mohsen Habibi et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025

Direct sound printing (DSP) is a recent development in additive manufacturing processes using sound waves, in which cavitation bubbles created by a focused ultrasound field polymerize the liquid resin via the sonochemistry route. This article presents the first attempt to create functional parts, such as cantilevers and millifluidic systems in polydimethylsiloxane using DSP. The numerical simulations of acoustic propagation in the DSP and possible high-pressure zones in different media during the process are presented. The printed parts were characterized, and porosity analyses of the printed parts and postprocessing of the ultrasound source motion were performed.

Orkan Telhan

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025

This article discusses the evolving use of bioreactors, beyond traditional life sciences and bioengineering, in fields such as architecture, fashion, and product design. It explores the role of bioreactors in additive fabrication, highlighting their distinct characteristics compared with conventional digital manufacturing. The discussion is centered on the differences in materializing biologically-active (living) versus biologically-passive, or biologically-derived (nonliving) matter in which ingredients require closed-loop fabrication environments that differ from traditional additive manufacturing tools. Two novel biofabrication platforms, Microbial Design Studio and B | reactor are presented as examples with case studies demonstrating their use in various manufacturing workflows with live cells. The article emphasizes the unique capabilities of bioreactors in engaging with living matter and facilitating complex interactions between biological, algorithmic, and mechanical systems in additive manufacturing.

Julio Cesar Serafim Casini, Isolda Costa, Rubens Nunes de Faria

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Gabrielle Drevet, Valentin Soldea, Sylvain Gouttard et al.

3D Printing in Medicine • 2025

The knowledge and understanding of the anatomy of lung segments is of great importance while segmentectomies are increasingly performed. To introduce new technologies and tools in anatomy teaching could help students to improve their skills.

Jing Zhao, Muyue Han, Lin Li

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Four-dimensional (4D) printing has emerged as a promising manufacturing technology in recent years and revolutionized products by adding shape-morphing capabilities when exposed to certain stimuli. Increasing research attention has been dedicated to studying the shape memory behaviors of the 4D fabricated structures. However, in-depth discussions on quantifying the influence of process parameters on shape fixity and recovery properties are limited, and the anisotropy induced by the layer-wise fabrication nature is significantly underreported. To further exploit the shape memory property of 4D printed structures, it is essential to investigate the process-induced anisotropic shape memory behaviors. In this study, the effects of critical process parameters on anisotropy in shape memory properties are mathematically quantified; meanwhile, the feasibility of tailoring the anisotropy of 4D printed parts is examined with joint consideration of total build time. Different scanning patterns are experimentally analyzed for their influence on anisotropic behaviors. It is found that the Triangle scanning pattern often leads to the best shape memory behaviors in different directions. The outcome of this study confirms the existence of anisotropy in both shape fixity and shape recovery ratios. In addition, the results also reveal that a smaller scanning angle tends to minimize the anisotropy and total fabrication time while ensuring satisfactory shape memory performance. Furthermore, layer thickness shows negligible effects on anisotropy, while the scanning angle and shape memory temperature suggest the opposite.

Samuel Silverman, Kelsey L. Snapp, Keith A. Brown et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025

Designing and fabricating structures with specific mechanical properties requires understanding the intricate relationship between design parameters and performance. Understanding the design-performance relationship becomes increasingly complicated for nonlinear deformations. Though successful at modeling elastic deformations, simulation-based techniques struggle to model large elastoplastic deformations exhibiting plasticity and densification. We propose a neural network trained on experimental data to learn the design-performance relationship between 3D-printable shells and their compressive force-displacement behavior. Trained on thousands of physical experiments, our network aids in both forward and inverse design to generate shells exhibiting desired elastoplastic and hyperelastic deformations. We validate a subset of generated designs through fabrication and testing. Furthermore, we demonstrate the network’s inverse design efficacy in generating custom shells for several applications.

Li Wang, Qiqi Li, Yuanyuan Hu et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2024

Compared with conventional formwork casting materials, 3D printed concrete (3DPC) is characterized by large amounts of cementitious materials, a low aggregate–binder ratio, and a large water evaporation area, which make the printed materials and structures highly prone to plastic shrinkage and cracking. In this study, cellulose fibers were incorporated into concrete to improve its moisture distribution and increase its early-age strength. The effects of both dry and prewet cellulose fibers on properties of 3DPC were experimentally investigated. To ensure consistency in the amounts of dry fibers used, 0.5–2% dry cellulose fibers and 1–4% prewet cellulose fibers were adopted. The effects of the added cellulose fibers on printability, mechanical strength, shrinkage, and cracking performance of the 3DPC were experimentally studied. Particularly, a constraint method was developed to access the cracking behavior of 3DPC. Favorable shrinkage resistance was achieved, and the 120-day shrinkage decreased by 17.9% and 23.3% by addition of 2% dry fibers and 4% prewet fibers, respectively. Cracking was eliminated with addition of 4% prewet fibers, without influencing the printability and mechanical properties.

Unknown Author

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing • 2025