[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology • 2019

Organic semiconductors remain of major interest in the field of bioelectrochemistry for their versatility in chemical and electrochemical behavior. These materials have been tailored using organic synthesis for use in cell stimulation, sustainable energy production, and in biosensors. Recent progress in the field of fully organic semiconductor biosensors is outlined in this review, with a particular emphasis on the synthetic tailoring of these semiconductors for their intended application. Biosensors ultimately function on the basis of a physical, optical or electrochemical change which occurs in the active material when it encounters the target analyte. Electrochemical biosensors are becoming increasingly popular among organic semiconductor biosensors, owing to their good detection performances, and simple operation. The analyte either interacts directly with the semiconductor material in a redox process or undergoes a redox process with a moiety such as an enzyme attached to the semiconductor material. The electrochemical signal is then transduced through the semiconductor material. The most recent examples of organic semiconductor biosensors are discussed here with reference to the material design of polymers with semiconducting backbones, specifically conjugated polymers, and polymer semiconducting dyes. We conclude that direct interaction between the analyte and the semiconducting material is generally more sensitive and cost effective, despite being currently limited by the need to identify, and synthesize selective sensing functionalities. It is also worth noting the potential roles of highly-sensitive, organic transistor devices and small molecule semiconductors, such as the photochromic and redox active molecule spiropyran, as polymer pendant groups in future biosensor designs.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences • 2023

The extraordinary potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel has sparked the interest of the scientific community to find environmentally friendly methods for its production. Biological catalysts are the most attractive solution, as they usually operate under mild conditions and do not produce carbon-containing byproducts. Hydrogenases promote reversible proton reduction to hydrogen in a variety of anoxic bacteria and algae, displaying unparallel catalytic performances. Attempts to use these sophisticated enzymes in scalable hydrogen production have been hampered by limitations associated with their production and stability. Inspired by nature, significant efforts have been made in the development of artificial systems able to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, via either electrochemical or light-driven catalysis. Starting from small-molecule coordination compounds, peptide- and protein-based architectures have been constructed around the catalytic center with the aim of reproducing hydrogenase function into robust, efficient, and cost-effective catalysts. In this review, we first provide an overview of the structural and functional properties of hydrogenases, along with their integration in devices for hydrogen and energy production. Then, we describe the most recent advances in the development of homogeneous hydrogen evolution catalysts envisioned to mimic hydrogenases.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of Applied Microbiology • 2023

Sulfur (S) deficiency is becoming more common in agro-ecosystems worldwide due to factors such as agronomic practices, high biomass production, reduced sulfur emissions, and the use of non-sulfur fertilizers. This review explores the natural occurrence and commercial exploitation of sulfur pools in nature, the mineralization and immobilization of sulfur, the physiological role of sulfur in plants, and its deficiency symptoms. Additionally, the organic and inorganic forms of sulfur in soil, their transformations, and the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur are discussed. The review also addresses the diversity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and the various biochemical mechanisms involved in their role in plant productivity and soil reclamation. The measurement of S oxidation rate in soil and the variables that influence the process are also examined. Typically, the rate of oxidation of added elemental S is around 40%-51%, which is available for plant uptake. These characteristics of SOB demonstrate their potential as bioinoculants for increasing plant growth, indicating their use as biofertilizers for sustainable crop production in agro-ecosystems.

[object Object], [object Object]

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology • 2018

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Environmental Pollution • 2022

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health • 2019

.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioelectrochemistry • 2015

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Biotechnology for Biofuels • 2017

into biofuels or other chemicals of interest by biocatalysts is driven by solar energy captured with inorganic devices such as photovoltaic cells or photoelectrodes. Here, we explore hybrid photosynthesis and examine the strategies being deployed to improve this biotechnology.

[object Object], [object Object]

ACS symposium series • 2019

Microbial metabolism coupled with extracellular electron transfer (EET) plays a crucial role in redox cycling of major elements in natural environments. The EET capabilities of microorganisms are exploited in bioelectrochemical systems to drive transfer of electrons to and from electrodes for electricity generation, bioremediation, biosensing, and biocatalysis applications. The microorganisms that can use the electrodes to achieve their respiratory or metabolic processes via EET are commonly referred to as electrochemically active or electroactive microorganisms. Several microbes have evolved to perform EET via direct and indirect mechanisms. In the case of the direct electron transfer mechanism, physical contact between microorganisms and electrodes is necessary. The irreversible attachment of electroactive microorganisms to the electrode surface eventually leads to the growth and development of biofilms commonly referred to as “electroactive biofilms” (EAB). The formation and functioning of EAB are critical to the performance of different types of microbial electrochemical technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells. This chapter first describes the electroactive microorganisms that have been reported to form biofilms on the anode and cathode surfaces. The electron transfer mechanisms between the EAB and electrode are then discussed. It is followed by a brief overview of the major tools and techniques that are used to study the formation and functioning of EAB as well as the electron transfer mechanisms at the biofilm–electrode interface. Finally, the main application areas and future research prospects of EAB are presented.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2021

The discharge of excess nitrogenous pollutants in rivers or other water bodies often leads to serious ecological problems and results in the collapse of aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogenous pollutants are often derived from the inefficient treatment of industrial wastewater. The biological treatment of industrial wastewater for the removal of nitrogen pollution is a green and efficient strategy. In the initial stage of the nitrogen removal process, the nitrogenous pollutants are converted to ammonia. Traditionally, nitrification and denitrification processes have been used for nitrogen removal in industrial wastewater; while currently, more efficient processes, such as simultaneous nitrification-denitrification, partial nitrification-anammox, and partial denitrification-anammox processes, are used. The microorganisms participating in nitrogen pollutant removal processes are diverse, but information about them is limited. In this review, we summarize the microbiota participating in nitrogen removal processes, their pathways, and associated functional genes. We have also discussed the design of efficient industrial wastewater treatment processes for the removal of nitrogenous pollutants and the application of microbiome engineering technology and synthetic biology strategies in the modulation of the nitrogen removal process. This review thus provides insights that would help in improving the efficiency of nitrogen pollutant removal from industrial wastewater.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2018

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Journal of Membrane Science • 2019

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Energy Technology • 2020

The largest existing biological interface, the surface of living plants, as it stands is capable of converting mechanical energy into electricity based on a combination of contact electrification and electrostatic induction on the plant surface and its inner tissue. Herein, the first design strategies are reported for living plant‐based wind energy harvesting systems that use this effect and that are capable of harvesting simultaneously from multiple leaves of a single plant to upscale the energy output. This is the first study under outdoor‐relevant conditions in a controlled test environment that relates plant‐based energy conversion to wind speed and wind direction as well as parameters such as the environmental humidity. Increasing the wind speed not only leads to higher power but also low winds of 2 m s −1 and less can be converted into storable electricity. The plant‐hybrid generators are moreover capable of converting wind from multiple directions by exploiting the naturally multiplex leaf orientations and the plants can directly power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and a digital thermometer. The results draw attention to the opportunity to obtain living plant‐hybrid generators, e.g., for applications in constituting environmental sensor networks.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering • 2021

Oil pollution has been a worldwide concern especially in environments where treatment is quite difficult to apply. Marine polluted sediments, in particular, constitute one of the most recalcitrant environments for bioremediation and are often the final repository of petroleum contaminants, as a result of runoff and deposition. Aerobic hydrocarbon degraders present in the sediments are tackling the pollution under oxygen-limited or oxygen-depleted conditions. Research has focused on new ways to enhance bioremediation under anoxic conditions, however aerobic bioremediation is faster, and hence more effort should be made to sustain oxygen concentration levels. In this review, the different bioremediation techniques used for the decontamination of marine sediments are briefly discussed, and focus is primarily given to the different oxygenation methods used for enhancing aerobic bioremediation and the aeration methods that are suitable for in situ application, as well as state of the art technologies that make in situ aeration an appealing approach. Based on the technologies analyzed, suggestions are made for sediment bioremediation techniques in different marine environments.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biogeosciences • 2015

Abstract. Microbial methane oxidation is the primary control on the emission of the greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere. In terrestrial environments, aerobic methanotrophic bacteria are largely responsible for this process. In marine sediments, a coupling of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate reduction, often carried out by a consortium of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, consumes almost all methane produced within those sediments. Motivated by recent evidence for AOM with iron(III) in Lake Kinneret sediments, the goal of the present study was to link the geochemical gradients in the lake porewater to the microbial community structure. Screening of archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a shift from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogens with depth. The observed changes in microbial community structure suggest possible direct and indirect mechanisms for the AOM coupled to iron reduction in deep sediments. The percentage of members of the Nitrospirales order increased with depth, suggesting their involvement in iron reduction together with Geobacter genus and "reverse methanogenesis". An indirect mechanism through sulfate and ANME seems less probable due to the absence of ANME sequences. This is despite the abundant sequences related to sulfate-reducing bacteria (Deltaproteobacteria) together with the occurrence of dsrA in the deep sediment that could indicate the production of sulfate (disproportionation) from S0 for sulfate-driven AOM. The presence of the functional gene pmoA in the deep anoxic sediment together with sequences related to Methylococcales suggests the existence of a second unexpected indirect pathway – aerobic methane oxidation pathway in an anaerobic environment.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of environmental chemical engineering • 2021

Enzyme immobilization is necessary process to improve the bioactivity and stability of the biocatalyst. In this study, glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was immobilized on plasma-treated fibrous carbon felt as a textile carrier to produce a heterogeneous catalyst. Genipin, as a naturally occurring crosslinker, that has less cytotoxicity than conventional crosslinkers, was used in the enzyme immobilization process. UV-Vis and FTIR spectra confirmed the crosslinking reaction between genipin and the primary amines of GOx enzyme, by forming blue-pigmented aggregates. GOx relative activity after crosslinking and immobilization on the carbon felt was maintained up to 40%, with stability in performance up to 6 cycles for the plasma treated carbon, while maintaining their bio-electro-activity as shown from cyclic voltammetry scans (CV). The obtained heterogeneous catalysts have been tested for use in sustainable wastewater treatment of Remazol Blue RR (RB) dyestuff by means of Bio-Fenton (BF) and enzymatic Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) processes. The produced samples resulted in high color removal efficiency, up to 93% discoloration of (RB) for the first use in (BF) process in 3 h. Meanwhile, enzymatic (BEF) process resulted in up to 34% of COD removal, with simultaneous power density generation up to 0.16 ± 0.01 μW.cm−2 at a current density of around 10 ± 2 μA.cm−2 in 12 h. These results highlight the importance of genipin as a bio-based crosslinker for enzymes, and the potential use in both (BF) and (BEF) as sustainable approaches for wastewater treatment and as a step towards zero-energy degradation of organic matter.

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RSC Advances • 2015

The biodegradation of total organic carbon (TOC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment was studied in different treatments.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials • 2018

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Journal of Hazardous Materials • 2017

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Environmental Science & Technology Letters • 2017

Here we report enrichment from a marine-derived inoculum of a nonphotosynthetic electroactive biofilm that is capable of both consuming electricity (electrotrophy) and producing electricity (electrogenesis) from a single electrode. With the alternation of the electrode potential between −0.4 and 0.0 VSHE every 10 min, alternating anodic and cathodic currents increased in lock step (maximum current density of ±1.4 ± 0.4 A/m2 in both modes, Coulombic efficiency of ∼98% per charge–discharge cycle), which is consistent with alternating between generation and consumption of energy storage compounds by the biofilm. Cyclic voltammetry exhibited a single sigmoid-shaped feature spanning anodic and cathodic limiting currents centered at −0.15 VSHE, a phenomenon not observed to date for an electroactive biofilm, and square wave voltammetry exhibited reversible peaks at −0.15 and −0.05 VSHE, suggesting the same redox cofactor(s) facilitates electron transport at the biofilm–electrode interface in both modes. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide, known energy and/or carbon sources for cellular metabolism, but no volatile fatty acids, were detected in reactors. Cells and cell clusters were spread across the electrode surface, as seen by confocal microscopy. These results suggest that a single microbial electrochemical biofilm can alternate between storing energy and generating power, furthering the potential applicability of bioelectrochemical systems.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Nanotechnology • 2024

Waterborne microbial contamination poses significant threats to public health and environmental sustainability. Traditional water treatment methods, while effective to a certain extent, are often limited in their ability to completely eradicate microbial pathogens and mitigate emerging challenges such as disinfection by-products and microbial resistance. In recent years, nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for microbial control in water treatment due to their unique physicochemical properties and antimicrobial efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the use of nanoparticles for microbial control in water treatment, focusing on their antimicrobial mechanisms, applications, and ecological implications. The review discusses the types of nanoparticles commonly used in water treatment, including silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, and examines their antimicrobial mechanisms, such as cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species generation, and interference with microbial metabolic processes. Furthermore, the review explores the applications of nanoparticles in the disinfection of drinking water, wastewater treatment, water purification in remote areas, and biofilm control. Additionally, the ecological implications of nanoparticle-based water treatment, including nanoparticle release into the environment, environmental persistence, toxicity to non-target organisms, and regulatory challenges, are critically evaluated. Finally, future perspectives and challenges in nanoparticle-based water treatment, such as enhanced nanoparticle synthesis and stability, development of sustainable treatment technologies, integration with conventional methods, and addressing knowledge gaps, are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of nanoparticles as innovative tools for addressing microbial contamination in water treatment while highlighting the need for further research and sustainable practices to ensure their safe and effective implementation.

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research • 2025

This study explores the remarkable potential of algae in addressing global sustainability challenges. Microalgae, in particular, emerge as sustainability champions. Their applications span an impressive array of industries and processes, including food and feed production, biofuels, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and environmental remediation. This versatility positions algae as key players in achieving over 50% of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) simultaneously, addressing issues such as climate action, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, and zero hunger. From sequestering carbon, purifying wastewater, and producing clean energy to combating malnutrition, algae demonstrates unparalleled potential. Their ability to flourish in extreme conditions and their rapid growth rates further enhance their appeal for large-scale cultivation. As research advances, innovative applications continue to emerge, such as algae-based bioplastics and dye-sensitized solar cells, promising novel solutions to pressing global issues. This study illuminates how harnessing the power of algae can drive us towards a more resilient, sustainable world. By leveraging algae's multifaceted capabilities, we can tackle climate change, resource scarcity, and economic development concurrently. The research highlights the critical role of algae in promoting circular economy principles and achieving a harmonious balance between human needs and environmental preservation, paving the way for a greener, more sustainable future.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biochemical Engineering Journal • 2017

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Bioresource Technology • 2020

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BioMed Research International • 2015

Microbial Fuel cells (MFCs) have been proposed for nutrient removal and energy recovery from different wastes. In this study the anaerobic digestate was used to feed H-type MFC reactors, one with a graphite anode preconditioned with Geobacter sulfurreducens and the other with an unconditioned graphite anode. The data demonstrate that the digestate acts as a carbon source, and even in the absence of anode preconditioning, electroactive bacteria colonise the anodic chamber, producing a maximum power density of 172.2 mW/m(2). The carbon content was also reduced by up to 60%, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, which were found in the anodic compartment of the reactors, contributed to nitrogen removal from the digestate. Overall, these results demonstrate that MFCs can be used to recover anammox bacteria from natural sources, and it may represent a promising bioremediation unit in anaerobic digestor plants for the simultaneous nitrogen removal and electricity generation using digestate as substrate.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2015

Sequestration of CO2 in oil reservoirs is considered to be one of the feasible options for mitigating atmospheric CO2 building up and also for the in situ potential bioconversion of stored CO2 to methane. However, the information on these functional microbial communities and the impact of CO2 storage on them is hardly available. In this paper a comprehensive molecular survey was performed on microbial communities in production water samples from oil reservoirs experienced CO2-flooding by analysis of functional genes involved in the process, including cbbM, cbbL, fthfs, [FeFe]-hydrogenase, and mcrA. As a comparison, these functional genes in the production water samples from oil reservoir only experienced water-flooding in areas of the same oil bearing bed were also analyzed. It showed that these functional genes were all of rich diversity in these samples, and the functional microbial communities and their diversity were strongly affected by a long-term exposure to injected CO2. More interestingly, microorganisms affiliated with members of the genera Methanothemobacter, Acetobacterium, and Halothiobacillus as well as hydrogen producers in CO2 injected area either increased or remained unchanged in relative abundance compared to that in water-flooded area, which implied that these microorganisms could adapt to CO2 injection and, if so, demonstrated the potential for microbial fixation and conversion of CO2 into methane in subsurface oil reservoirs.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Nature Communications • 2024

A major challenge in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation has been their structural and chemical diversity, ranging from ultra-short to long-chain compounds, which amplifies the operational complexity of water treatment and purification. Here, we present an electrochemical strategy to remove PFAS from ultra-short to long-chain PFAS within a single process. A redox-polymer electrodialysis (redox-polymer ED) system leverages a water-soluble redox polymer with inexpensive nanofiltration membranes, facilitating the treatment of varied chain lengths of PFAS without membrane fouling. Our approach combines both ion migration by electrodialysis (for PFAS with chain lengths ≤C4) and electrosorption strategies (for PFAS with chain lengths ≥C6) to eliminate approximately 90% of ultra-short-, short-chain, and long-chain PFAS. At the same time, we achieve continuous desalination of the source water down to potable water level. The redox-polymer ED exhibits remarkable PFAS removal in real source water scenarios, including from matrices with 10,000 times higher salt concentrations, as well as secondary effluents from wastewaters. Additionally, the removed PFAS is mineralized with a defluorination performance between 76-100% by electrochemical oxidation, highlighting the viability of integrating the separation step with a reactive degradation process.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2023

Due to the anticipated rise in demand for ammonia, the search for viable methods to recover it has grown in recent years, as traditional ammonia production is a high energy intensive process. Among the different, bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) offer an alternative solution for ammonia recovery since they have shown lower energy demand (in terms of kJ g−1N recovered) at lab-scale than other methodologies. In BESs, the bioelectrochemically generated current drives the transport of NH4+ from the influent to a concentration chamber through a cation exchange membrane before its subsequent recovery. This paper describes the fundamentals and opportunities for bioelectrochemical ammonia recovery (either by stripping. absorption or precipitation) in different BES devices such as microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and bioelectroconcentration cells and compares the performance of all the reported experimental works so far. Moreover, the most critical challenges for its scale-up (low current density, nature and quantity of the carbon source, inlet ammonium concentration, use of membranes, energy yield and recovery efficiency) have been detailed and discussed in view of better understanding the current bottlenecks for its scale-up and, thus, for its prompt industrial adoption.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Materials • 2023

Climate change and water are inseparably connected. Extreme weather events cause water to become more scarce, polluted, and erratic than ever. Therefore, we urgently need to develop solutions to reduce water contamination. This review intends to demonstrate that pectin-based materials are an excellent route to detect and mitigate pollutants from water, with several benefits. Pectin is a biodegradable polymer, extractable from vegetables, and contains several hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that can easily interact with the contaminant ions. In addition, pectin-based materials can be prepared in different forms (films, hydrogels, or beads) and cross-linked with several agents to change their molecular structure. Consequently, the pectin-based adsorbents can be tuned to remove diverse pollutants. Here, we will summarize the existing water remediation technologies highlighting adsorption as the ideal method. Then, the focus will be on the chemical structure of pectin and, from a historical perspective, on its structure after applying different cross-linking methods. Finally, we will review the application of pectin as an adsorbent of water pollutants considering the pectin of low degree methoxylation.

[object Object], [object Object]

Water Research • 2019

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Energy & Environmental Science • 2015

Systematic modification of thylakoid bioanodes with conjugated oligoelectrolytes reveals the molecular structural features that enhance photobioelectrochemical devices.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Desalination • 2023

Desalination methods have become more critical due to the worsening water scarcity problem. Reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), electrodialysis (ED), ion exchange (IX), membrane distillation (MD), multiple effect distillation (MED), and vapor compression distillation (VCD) are those standard desalination processes that are expensive and impose various environmental impacts. Using biological systems based on living microorganisms for seawater desalination is free of any environmental damage, and biodesalination processes using microalgae for producing portable water have recently become the cost-competitive option according to the progression of technology. Compared to other living organisms, microalgae offer unique advantages such as higher photosynthetic capability, shorter growth cycles, higher flexibility, and the ability to grow in seawater and wastewater. They can also absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis during their growth, making them appropriate candidates for more eco-friendly water desalination. Light intensity, temperature, pH, saline water nutrients, and the selected microalgae species are different operating parameters affecting desalination efficiency. This review paper thoroughly investigates biodesalination methods using various microalgae species in various conditions, and additional suggestions for future studies and process optimization are recommended.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2021

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Earth Systems and Environment • 2022

Abstract While the potential of biochar (BC) to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soils has been studied and reviewed, no review has focused on the potential use of BC for enhancing the phytoremediation efficacy of PTE-contaminated soils. Consequently, the overarching purpose in this study is to critically review the effects of BC on the mobilization, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and bioremediation of PTEs in contaminated soils. Potential mechanisms of the interactions between BC and PTEs in soils are also reviewed in detail. We discuss the promises and challenges of various approaches, including potential environmental implications, of BC application to PTE-contaminated soils. The properties of BC (e.g., surface functional groups, mineral content, ionic content, and π-electrons) govern its impact on the (im)mobilization of PTEs, which is complex and highly element-specific. This review demonstrates the contrary effects of BC on PTE mobilization and highlights possible opportunities for using BC as a mobilizing agent for enhancing phytoremediation of PTEs-contaminated soils.

[object Object], [object Object]

Bioresource Technology • 2023

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Molecules • 2020

genes increased from the surface layer to the bottom layer.

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The Science of The Total Environment • 2023

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Applied Water Science • 2020

Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a commonly used antibiotic which is excreted in significant quantities and may likely be found in environments, especially wastewater. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to remove CIP from aqueous solutions using activated carbon supported with multivalent carbon nanotubes MWCNTs/AC. Herein, we prepared the MWCNTs/AC and the structural characterization of the adsorbent was performed using the BET, FTIR, and SEM methods. In order to obtain the optimal conditions of MWCNTs/AC activity, different experimental conditions including the pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial CIP concentration, and temperature were examined. Afterward, to approach reality, the experiments were carried out under the optimal conditions using a sewage sample previously determined in terms of the BOD, COD, pH, EC, turbidity, and concentration of ciprofloxacin. Finally, the CIP levels were measured by HPLC. According to the results, the pH of 7, contact time of 30 min, adsorbent dosage of 20 mg/L, temperature of 40 °C, and initial CIP concentration of 20 mg/L were found to be the optimal conditions for MWCNTs/AC activity. In these conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of CIP from the synthetic and actual samples was 100% and 73%, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption behavior was in compliance with the pseudo-second-order, Freundlich isotherm kinetics. According to our findings, using MWCNTs/AC led to a considerable removal of CIP from the sewage samples. Thus, the use of this adsorbent is highly recommended in order to remove other antibiotics from water and wastewater.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Chemical Society Reviews • 2021

, self-healing and self-cleaning). In this review, we discuss the bio-inspired/-mimetic structures, experimental models, and working principles, with the goal of revealing physics and bio-microstructures relevant for PV-MPS. Here the emphasis is on identifying the strategies and material designs towards improvement of the performance of emerging halide perovskite PVs and strategizing their bridge to future MPS.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Polymers • 2022

O and the solvatochromic indicator used was Reichardt's dye. Solvent polarity parameters have a significant effect on the visible spectra of the nitrogen quaternization of PVP studied in this work and a detailed path towards this assessment is presented.