ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment • 2019

Abstract Turbine buckets in a 37.5-MW gas turbine made of Udimet 500 superalloy failed in service. The power plant was located 1 km (0.6 miles) from the Pacific Ocean and operated on No. 2 diesel fuel, which was supplied by tanker ship. Turbine bucket failures occurred on three units after 2500 to 6400 h of operation. Investigation (visual inspection, metallographic examination, and stress analysis) supported the conclusion that the differing microstructure of the airfoil resulted in changes in mechanical properties. Because normal operation includes cycling of loads and temperatures, the shroud tip fractured due to thermomechanical fatigue in its degraded state. Recommendations included special chromium or silicon-rich coating to minimize corrosion in gas turbines operating in a marine environment with operating temperatures in the range of type 2 corrosion (650 to 750 deg C, or 1200 to 1380 deg F). Additionally, it was suggested that fuel delivery, handling, and treatment be high quality, to maintain fuel contamination within design limits, and inlet air filtration must be designed for the coastal site. Also, changing the bucket tip by increasing its thickness and changing the casting technique would reduce the stress and make the design more tolerant of corrosion.

S. Keerthini, R. Kapilan, S. Vasantharuba

Research Square • 2021

Abstract Background Probiotic, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are consumed by human through the traditional food products for several decades due to their beneficial health effects. LAB is Gram positive, non motile bacteria that produce antimicrobial peptides for their defense mechanism. Among the antimicrobial peptides, Bacteriocins are widely investigated because of their possible utilization in food sector especially food security actions, where bacteriocin kills or inhibits the growth of other bacteria. Usage of metabolic products of LAB and LAB are generally recognized as safe. Therefore, this study was aimed to isolate LAB species that produce bacteriocin showing wide spectrum antibacterial activity. Results Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from yoghurt, curd, dosa batter, idli batter and soaked and ground rice batter using (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar) MRS agar and incubated at room temperature (30±2ºC) for 24-72 h aerobically and anaerobically. When agar well diffusion method was employed to detect the antibacterial activity of the twenty five isolates against food spoilage organisms ( Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E . coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Serratia marcescens , Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., Micrococcus sp., and Bacillus sp.,). Three bacterial species showing broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, were identified and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods. The wide spectrum antibacterial bacterial species were identified as Lactobacillus reuteri AF182723 isolated from curd, Lactobacillus rhamnosus AY299488 isolated from rice batter and Lactobacillus acidophilus AF182726 isolated from yoghurt. Among all the isolates, Lactobacillus reuteri AF182723 showed significant wide spectrum antibacterial activity against diverse Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. Conclusion The production of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus reuteri AF182723 and incorporating it in the food would inhibit the food spoilage organisms. Usage of this bacteriocin at appropriate concentration in food needs to be studied further.

Yulia Ningsih, Lalu Zulkifli, Mahrus Mahrus

Jurnal Biologi Tropis • 2022

This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from cashew plant roots, and to determine their ability to dissolve phosphate and produce IAA. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram. This research was conducted by isolating the endophytic bacteria of cashew nut root and then testing the phosphate solubilizing ablity and testing the potential for IAA-producing bacteria. Based on the results of the study, there were 7 isolates of endophytic bacteria, all of which were able to solubilize inorganc phosphate with a low phosphate solubility index, ranging from 1 to 1.7. Of the 7 isolates, there were 2 isolates that were able to produce IAA, namely AJM 7 and AJM8 isolates with IAA concentrations ranging from 16 to 18 ppm. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the endophytic bacterial isolates from the roots of the cashew plant have the potential to be a candidates for biofertilizer formulation.

Yuttachai Keawsuntia, Cheevin Limsiri, Thamrong Prempridi et al.

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2011

Solar updraft tower is an alternative technology for electricity generating from solar energy. It’s suitable for use in remote area, where there is high potential of solar radiation, because the constructions are cheap and the technologies involved are conventional. From the study of small scale solar updraft tower by using the computation fluid dynamics program and experimental, show that the hot air velocity in the solar updraft tower from the computation fluid dynamics program similarly with the experimental data. From this study, the small-scale solar updraft tower with 72 m length in each side of solar collector, air inlet height of 0.5 m above the ground, an updraft tower of 30 meter high with 1.2 m length of each side was studied to determine the performance. It was found that the electricity generating from this model was 6893 W/day, enough to supply electricity for up to 13 families of small community in the rural area.

Dietmar W. Rose, Karen P. Olson

Journal of Forestry • 1979

Abstract North-central Minnesota, with large surpluses of timber in public ownership, offers potential for commercial generation of electricity in small wood-fueled plants. Analysis indicates that under some conditions such installations would be competitive with fossil-fueled plants and would add substantially to the social and economic well-being of the depressed northern part of the state.

Abdel Rahim Khalid Abdel Naser

Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering • 2022

A new design system is introduced to generate clean eco-friendly electricity from rain fall water. The majority of traffic roads in the world has constructed water ditches for one aim. This is for the accumulation of rain fall water from the roads.

Bo Hai Jiang, Jiang Ping Mei

Advanced Materials Research • 2012

Propose a new type of stand-alone movable wind-solar mutually complementary electricity-generating system with oxygen and water rationing function.The system integrates the wind and solar power systems,control systems and the user load equipments into a movable military square cabinet.It can be an effective solution to the problem of electricity supply for remote areas such as the field of military camps,the plateau and the island.This paper introduces the structure principle of the system and the manner of working,and also briefly describes its data acquisition system and control management process.

Ken Yeang

Architectural Design • 2008

Abstract With the depletion of slavery ‐ large‐scale free, if not cheap, manpower ‐ the potential of human force as a major source of energy was forgotten. Here Ken Yeang flags up how some important new research by scientists from universities in Canada and the US has heralded the development of wearable devices that harvest human energy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Simon Theuri Njenga, David Nzuki

The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies • 2023

Kenya continues to face challenges regarding the actualization and timely implementation of electricity generation projects aimed at increasing the electricity capacity required in the quest for attaining industrialization status by the year 2030. Out of the projected flagship electricity generation projects, less than 20 percent of the projects had been translated into the national grid by the end of the year 2022. Such trends call for an in-depth study of project dynamics that determine the performance of electricity generation projects. To research the problem, the focus was given to Kenya Electricity Generation Company (KenGen) Plc, which is a state-owned electricity generation company accounting for 60 percent of the electricity generation market share in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to determine the project management dynamics that determine the performance of electricity generation projects. Specifically, the study sought to evaluate the influence of project financing, project procurement, organization dynamics, individual dynamics and stakeholder management dynamics on the performance of electricity generation projects in KenGen. The study was anchored on system theory, constraints theory, and competence theory of project management. The earmarked population was 10 electricity generation projects implemented by sixty-eight employees who had formal project management appointments in the power plant construction projects that ranged from hydroelectric, geothermal, thermal and wind generation modes. A census survey method was used, targeting the sixty-eight respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The study established that all the independent variables had positive regression coefficients, indicating that a unit rise for each independent variable facilitated a consequent rise in the dependent variable. However, only finance dynamics revealed a statistically significant effect, indicating that project finance dynamics had a significant effect on the performance of electricity generation projects. The study recommended that priority should be given to finance dynamics while scoping the electricity projects above other project dynamics. Financial analysis of the project financier's capacity to ensure uninterrupted project milestones financing was identified as an aspect requiring consideration in project financing. This outcome will be helpful to stakeholders in the energy sector, academicians and electricity project financiers. Suggestions were made for further studies on other financial dynamics not accounted for in the study and non-financial dynamics that were not established to have a significant effect on generation projects

Yuttachai Keawsuntia

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2013

A small multi-blade wind turbine is an alternative technology in order to electricity generating for use in a household because of the construction is cheap. From the study, the performance calculations by simulation program show that a number of blade at 12 blades is the optimum value for applying to this wind turbine that give maximum power coefficient of 0.29 at a tip speed ratio of 1.2. The results from the test run of wind rotor connected with generator in the wind tunnel at a wind velocity of 2 m/s, 3 m/s and 4 m/s, the system give the electric power of 2.5 W, 4.25 W and 4.49 W respectively.

T. Morosuk, G. Tsatsaronis, S. Tesch

Volume 6A: Energy • 2013

This paper discusses the thermodynamic performance of three different system configurations used to expand natural gas from a pressure of above 40 bar to a final pressure of approximately 12 bar: (1) System in which all natural gas passes through a throttling valve, (2) system that uses only an expander as the expansion device, and (3) system using in parallel both an expander and a throttling valve as expansion devices. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates how the mass flow rate of natural gas and the seasonal fluctuation of the ambient temperature affect the thermodynamic efficiency of these systems.

John Donaldson, R. Davies, H. Roberts

Managerial Law • 1974

March 5, 1973 Industrial Relations — Unfair industrial practice — Discrimination — Members of non‐recognised union — Nomination for election to works committee — Election restricted to recognised unions — Validity of nominations — Whether restriction to “discriminate against” workers — Industrial Relations Act, 1971 (c.72), s.5(2),(4).

Arkadiusz Garwol

Journal of Konbin • 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present the most commonly used types of photovoltaic panels and principles of their operation. Mono- and polycrystalline cells are presented, with their advantages and disadvantages indicated. The following section describes the process of obtaining electricity by using the photovoltaic and thermoelectric phenomena occurring in cells. Then, the structure and principle of operation of dye cells, thin-film cells and fourth-generation cells were presented on the example of cells using the Schottky junction to generate energy. The article also presents the method of obtaining single crystals of silicon, developed by Jan Czochralski, who lived at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The method he developed laid the foundations for the development of modern integrated circuits - it was a milestone in the development of electronics.

Ibrahim Yuksel, Omer Yuksek, Hasan Arman

Renewable Energy - Technologies and Applications • 2021

The aim of this chapter is to provide that hydroelectric energy production in Sakarya and Eastern Black Sea Basins which are selected as pilot region in Turkey. Hydroelectric energy has an important place in energy sector is generated from 26 main Basins in Turkey. Sakarya and Eastern Black Sea Basins are very important water resource in Turkey. In this study, hydro energy potential for electricity generating has been investigated in Turkey and hydro energy potential determined for the selected small streams in the Sakarya and Eastern Black Sea Basins by using hydro energy calculating methods.

MARK HALLILEY

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance • 1993

The privatisation of the electricity industry was badly flawed. It created a generating duopoly in the form of National Power and Powergen. These two companies have a degree of control which is incompatible with the concept of the open market and which is detrimental to the interests of the consumer. Given the power of that duopoly, it is doubtful whether the Governmental regulatory authority, OFFER, can effect real change without a referral to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission.

Yuttachai Keawsuntia

Advanced Materials Research • 2013

This research paper presents the testing results of the electricity generating from the pico hydro generator, for save in a battery 12 V. A testing of pico crossflow turbine with 0.6 m diameter of wheel and a 20 blades water turbine which has a semi-circle shape at 0.1 m diameter of blade, connected with the generator at gear up ratio of 1:3 and 1:5 respectively, was undertaken. The results from the test run of pico hydro generator by varying flow rate from 60 to 120 L/min at 0.0127, 0.0190 and 0.0254 m diameter of nozzle respectively, showed that the gear ratio between the water wheel and the generator, the diameter of nozzle and the volume flow rate are important variables that affect the electric production. A combination of water flow rate at 120 L/min, 0.0127 m diameter of nozzle and gear ratio of 1:3 gives the maximum electric power of 121.68 watts.

Shuai Yang

Research Square • 2021

Abstract In the past scientific cognition, changes in the magnetic field produce electric field, so when there is current and voltage generation, need to have a change in magnetic flux, However, in the process of studying the nature of magnetization, we found that the microscopic formation of a magnetic field is the directional movement of positive and negative charges, under the guidance of this theory, we use other methods, realize the separation of positive and negative charges, observation of induced current generation, this can be used as another way to generate electricity.

Shashi Bhushan Chaturwedi, Swostika Mainali, Richa Chaudhary

Research Square • 2023

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of pigment extracted from pigment producing bacteria isolated from soil samples. During the study, 20 soil samples were collected from different areas (forest, agriculture fields, river sides and dumping sites) of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts which were processed for isolation of pigment producing bacteria by serial dilution and spread plate technique. The pigmented bacterial isolates were identified and enriched in nutrient broth. Then, pigment was extracted in 95% methanol as solvent, which was further characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometric and TLC analysis. The obtained crude pigment extract were processed to carry out the antimicrobial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method. Out of 13 total pigmented bacteria isolates, four different colored pigmented bacterial isolates (S4O, S11Y, S14P and S17G) which produced efficient pigment on nutrient agar were chosen and they were further processed. Among these isolates, S4O was identified as Staphylococcus aureus , S11Y was identified as Micrococcus luteus , S14P was identified as Micrococcus roseus and S17G was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. On characterization using UV-Vis Spectrophotometric and TLC analysis, the pigment extracted from isolates S4O, S11Y and S14P were found to be Carotenoids and from isolate S17G was found to be Pyocyanin in nature. The maximum antibacterial activity was shown against Staphylococcus aureus from all the four pigments extracts. The green color pigment extract from isolate S17G was found to be most effective against all the Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria. This study suggest that these pigment extracts from pigmented bacteria may have beneficial antibacterial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted bacterial growth.

Greeshma S. S., Merlin Mathew, Murugadas. V. et al.

Fishery Technology • 2025

Keratinase-producing bacteria degrade keratin, a tough protein found in feathers, hair, nails, and other keratinized materials. Mud, water, and fish samples from ten poultry waste-fed, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus farms in Palakkad and Alappuzha districts of Kerala, India, were screened for keratinolytic bacteria. Among 116 proteolytic isolates, 6.9% showed keratinolytic activity on feather meal agar. Three isolates namely FWKB1, FMKB1 and FMKB2 were identified as having good keratinolytic potential. FMKB1 and FMKB2 isolated from soil samples in Palakkad were identified as Bacillus subtilis, while FWKB1 isolated from a water sample in Alappuzha was identified as Exiguobacterium profundum. In vitro enzyme assays revealed that FMKB1 and FMKB2 produced 53.2 U/mL and 66.8 U/mL of keratinase enzyme, respectively within 24h of incubation at 37°C. A direct keratinase assay with raw feathers exhibited 72.8 U/mL enzyme production by a combination of FMKB1 and FMKB2, completely degrading raw feathers within 45 days at 37°C. Characterisation of exo-enzyme production revealed the absence of lipase, gelatinase, and amylase enzymes. Haemolysis, Congo red binding, biofilm formation and the production of AHL signalling molecule were not detected in the bacterial isolates tested. These isolates can be promoted as environmental probiotics in aquaculture farms for waste management and protein recycling.

, Pises Liawsakul

• 1999

Two of 350 lipase producing bacterial strains isolated from soils were selected, name ALP-40.3 and ALP-42.11, and identified biochemically and bacteriologically to possibly be Psuedomomas sp. ALP-40.3 strain grew under optimum conditions, i.e., at 35 °C and wide pH range 6-10. ALP-42.11 grew optimally in lower temperature ranged from 25 °-35 °C and also wide pH range, and a large number of lipases were excreted when 2.5% olive oil was added into the growth medium. Some characteristics of both lipases were summarized as follow: under optimum conditions, i.e., at 45 °C, the highest activity of crude ALP-40.3 lipases was found (702 units/ml), and quite high activity would have maintained in a wide range of temperature from 35 °C-65 °C (328-702 units/ml). At 65 ํC, the highest activity of crude ALP-42.11 lipases was found (561 units/ml), and similar to the first lipase extract, quite high activity of the second lipases extract would have maintained in a wide range of temperature from 15 °-65 °C. It is noted that the effect of pH on activities of both lipase was quite stronger than effect of temperature. The highest activities of ALP-40.3 and ALP-42.11 lipases were found at pH 8 and 9, respectively, however, the activity of them has maintained in pH range 8-9. It is possible to say that they are alkaline lipases.

Ruby Khan

Current Trends in Natural Sciences • 2021

Antibiotics are a major secondary metabolite produced by a wide range of bacteria. The microbes developed various antibiotics that could be used to treat various infectious diseases. Are useful In vitro isolation, the culture and care of bacteria are quite simple, and we can easily improve their stress. The main soil pathogens of the Bacillus species are caused by important antibiotics such as bactericidal Endospores produced by the Bacillus species are very resistant. They are always found to inhibit the growth of other microbes. In the present research study, soil bacteria with antimicrobial activity have been screened and isolated. Subsequently, various pathogenic bacterial lawns were prepared to check the antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Different zones are observed against different pathogenic bacteria. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of soil isolation with different antibiotic discs as well as various pathogenic bacteria. A clear zone of soil isolates of 5 mm, 15 mm, 21 mm, 12 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm and 40 mm against germs or pathogenic bacteria. The zones produced by antibiotic discs against pathogenic bacteria were zones of 5 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, and 21 mm observed.

F.D. Gealy, H.L. Tuller

MRS Proceedings • 1986

ABSTRACT Electrically active defects are common in semiconductors. Such defects include easily ionized substitutional impurities, vacancies, and interstitials which can act as shallow donors or acceptors. If one type of defect predominates, its concentration corresponds directly to the local donor or acceptor concentration. Consequently, measurement of a carrier profile in a nonhomogeneous semiconductor is effectively the same as measurement of the defect profile. The photoelectrochemical profiling technique allows for carrier profile measurement with submicrometer spatial resolution. The sample is profiled by photoetching, then carrier measurement, and iterating this procedure until the desired profile depth is obtained. Derivation of the space charge capacitance by impedance spectroscopy is discussed. An analysis of the P-doped Si-liquid electrolyte interface is presented. Phosphorous diffusivity coefficients in good agreement with literature values are derived from photoelectrochemical derived profiles.

Yiwen Liu, Lai Peng, Shu-Hong Gao et al.

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology • 2015

A new mathematical model was proposed to describe the extracellular electron transfer process by electrically active microorganisms.

V. I. Shapoval, V. V. Solov'ev, V. V. Malyshev

ChemInform • 2001

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Jared F. Mike, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus

ChemInform • 2013

Abstract Review: 65 refs.

P. FABER

Chemischer Informationsdienst • 1982

Abstract Es wird ein Verfahren entwickelt, bei dem auf technisch wirtschaftliche Weise durch Oxidation einer Aufschlämmung von Pb‐Pulvern oder niedrigen Pb‐oxiden unter alkalischen Bedingungen mit O 3 aktives β‐PbO 2‐δ hergestellt werden kann.

Haisheng Fang, Liping Li, Guangshe Li

ChemInform • 2007

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Daichi Yoshizu, Keisuke Tomita, Miyu Tsuchiya et al.

Microbiology Resource Announcements • 2025

ABSTRACT Three electrochemically active bacteria (EAB), strains ADMFC1, ADMFC2, and ADMFC3, were isolated from an anaerobic digester. Here, we report on genome sequences of the three EAB, which help deepen our understanding of the diversity and niches of EAB inhabiting anaerobic digesters.

Komal Pandey, P. Gupta, N. Verma et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A • 2021

A CeO2 sprinkled graphitic novel packed bed anode-based single-chamber MFC and its performance in upflow continuous mode.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 2021

Bioelectrochemical Nitrogen Fixation by Pseudomonas stutzeri Increasing attention is being given to bioelectrochemical nitrogen fixation for its energy-saving property and high selectivity. Chen et al. (e01998-20) demonstrated that the diazotroph Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 can produce extracellular NH4 without chemical suppression or genetic manipulation when the extracellular electrode is used as the sole electron donor, and the electron uptake pathway from the extracellular electron-donating partner to P. stutzeri was mediated by its endogenous redox electron shuttle phenazines. Since both P. stutzeri and potential electron-donating partners are abundant in diverse soils and sediments, this finding has broader implications for the improvement of nitrogen fertilization in the natural environment.

, Anucha Koedtruad

• 2012

The electrical conductivity and oxygen permeation of Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+-doped La0.3Sr0.7Co0.9Fe0.1O3 (LSCF) were investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, XPS and XAS. LSCFs were synthesized by modified citrate method and studied for the effect of sintering temperature. LSCF sintered at 1200 oC showed the higher oxygen permeation rate and more idealized cubic structure than others. By replacing La3+ and Sr2+ ions of LSCF with Ca2+ ions, La0.3Sr0.7-xCax Co0.9Fe0.1O3 (X = 0 - 0.7) and (La0.3Sr0.7)1-xCaxCo0.9 Fe0.1O3 (X = 0 - 0.4) were successfully synthesized. La0.3Sr0.7-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3 showed pure perovskite phase with primitive cubic form when X = 0 - 0.5 whereas (La0.3Sr0.7)1-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3 exhibited pure perovskite phase with primitive cubic and tetragonal forms when X = 0-0.2 and X = 0.3 - 0.4, respectively. La0.3Sr0.5Ca0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3 showed the highest electrical conductivity in this work due to a lot of IS Co4+ and HS Co3+. To improve oxygen permeation of La0.3Sr0.5Ca0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3, Co3+ and Fe3+ ions were replaced with Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions to obtain La0.3Sr0.5Ca0.2Co0.9-yMyFe0.1O3 and La0.3Sr0.5Ca0.2(Co0.9Fe0.1)1-y MyO3 (M = Zn2+, Mg2+, Y = 0 - 0.05). Only La0.3Sr0.5Ca0.2Co0.9-yZnyFe0.1O3 (Y = 0 - 0.03) were achieved as pure perovskite phase with primitive cubic structure. The oxygen permeation rate was increased with increasing Zn2+ content because high spin Co2+,3+ and oxygen vacancies were increased.

Farzaneh Rezaei, Saeid Esmaeili

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2024

Commercial off‐the‐shelf (OTS) photovoltaic systems coupled with battery energy storage units (PV‐BES) are typically designed to increase household self‐consumption, neglecting their potential for voltage regulation in low voltage distribution networks (LVDNs). This work proposes an enhanced sensitivity‐based combined (ESC) control method for voltage regulation, using BES control as level 1 and reactive power compensation as level 2. A centralized controller manages charging/discharging intervals, while local inverters handle real‐time power rates and reactive power, ensuring effective LVDN voltage regulation. The BES set points are obtained concerning the measured local bus voltage and according to enhanced sensitivity coefficients. The enhancement algorithm ensures that the full capacity of BES is utilized and that there is adequate capacity during charging and discharging time intervals. The proposed method, tested on 8‐bus and 116‐bus LV test feeders, outperforms OTS and an adaptive decentralized (AD) control method by completely preventing overvoltage issues, minimizing various changes in the direction of BES power, and reducing voltage deviation without significantly affecting consumers' grid dependency.

S. Pandey, Bhim Singh

2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA) • 2020

This paper deals with a grid integrated PV (Photovoltaic)-BES (Battery Energy Storage) system ensuring the interruption free power to critical loads with mode transfer capability and power quality enhancement even at distorted grid voltage condition. This PV-BES system feeds pre-specified power to the distribution network at the presence of the generation from PV panel and BES at peak load hours, stores energy in BES during light load hours, thus enhances the utility grid stability and benefits the consumer. The modified first order filter (MFOF) based control, which estimates the amplitude of fundamental frequency load current, and the grid voltage in-phase unit template is used to synchronize the PV-BES system to the distribution network in absence of either generation from the PV panel or BES at the grid tied mode. The load voltage magnitude and nature are regulated by the voltage control in a standalone mode operation. The bidirectional DC-DC converter allows a bidirectional flow of power, thus it enables either charging or discharging of the battery according to generation from the PV panel in the grid integrated mode, and provides an uninterrupted power to critical loads in absence of the PV generation and/or the grid. The synchronization mode control is utilized to transfer from the grid tied mode to islanded mode and vice versa.

S. Tyagi, Bhim Singh

2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC) • 2021

With the enhancement in the demand as well as number of the electric vehicles (EV) worldwide there is a need for the development of the charging infrastructure for the smooth operation of the EV’s. This work deals with the integration of charging infrastructure to a 3P4W photovoltaic (PV)-small hydro energy conversion (SHEC)-battery energy storage (BES) based microgrid to provide power to the local loads, as well as incorporating AC and DC charging. The generated PV power is utilized locally to increase the self-consumption rate whereas the constant power generated from the SHEC is used to feed AC loads and EV’s connected at the common point in conjunction with the utility grid. Besides, the system provides dual mode operation i.e standalone as well as grid tied mode and operates seamlessly between both the modes. The controller scheme implemented suppresses the high neutral current due to the uneven distribution of the single phase loads besides, providing other functions such as improving the power quality performance of the grid, undisrupted power to the loads, mitigation of harmonics and reactive power compensation. The system is simulated and the results are presented under various scenarios.

D. Chandrashekar, P. Satish Kumar

International Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering & Technology • 2025

n order to satisfy local load demands, this study investigates a stand-alone renewable energy system that consists of a photovoltaic (PV) plant and a battery energy storage system (BES). To improve power extraction efficiency, the PV system makes use of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) in conjunction with Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The BES is linked at a common DC bus to ensure system stability and continuous power supply. To improve energy conversion, an anti-windup proportional-integral (AWPI) controller is deployed in the inverter control system for active power regulation and harmonic reduction. This approach significantly minimizes Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in inverter voltage and current, leading to superior power quality. The effectiveness of the system is confirmed by simulation results, which show improved performance in harmonic mitigation and renewable power consumption. The findings confirm that integrating SMC-based MPPT and AWPI inverter control enhances stability, efficiency, and reliability, making it a viable solution for sustainable power generation.

Niyungeko Antoine

Management and Economic Journal (MEC-J) • 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between ease of doing business score (EDBS) and cost of business start-up procedures (CBS), age dependency ratio (ADR), strength of legal rights index (SLRI), time required to get electricity (TRGE), domestic credit to private sector (DCPS), and start-up procedures to register a business (SPRB). Since 2004, the World Bank evaluates 190 economies based on business regulatory indicators ignoring other factors that may be related to business environment. This paper investigates new factors related to EDBS ignored by the World Bank since 2004. The results of correlation analysis show a negative and significant correlation between EDB and CBS, ADR, TRGE, and SPRB. Nevertheless, a positive and significant correlation was found between EDB and SLRI and DCPS. The linear regression model finds that SLRI and DGPS affected EDB positively and significantly. However, TRGE and SPRB affected negatively to EDB. Asian policymakers should reinforce SLRI and increase DCPS. However, they should also reduce TRGE and SPRB to improve EDB. Further research should be conducted on other regions and test also other factors.

Andie Nugent, Steven Allison

• 2024

Urban ecosystems, although highly altered by humans, host diverse microbiomes that support vital ecosystem processes. While microbial ecologists are beginning to understand the drivers of microbial assembly and the link between community structure and function in many ecosystems, few of these advances have been applied to urban ecosystems. In this synthesis, we review research on the urban soil microbiome and develop a framework to integrate soil microbial communities with urban ecosystem function. We identify disturbance, altered resources, and heterogeneity as key drivers through which urbanization affects soils and soil microorganisms. Steep environmental gradients in many urban systems present a unique opportunity to address fundamental questions in microbial ecology, such as how microbes respond to stress and how biogeochemical rates relate to microbial diversity and composition. Answering such questions will help develop practical and equitable strategies for managing ecosystem benefits in cities where billions of people live.

Joseph P. Salanitro

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology • 2003

Abstract Introduction and Statement of the Problem Properties of Oxygenates Observations on the Microbial Metabolism of MTBE Proposed Biodegradation Pathway for MTBE Prospects and Challenges for the Bioremediation of Fuel Ethers

P. Deines, R. Sekar, H. S. Jensen et al.

• 2010

Abstract. Microbiology in Urban Water Systems (MUWS) is an integrated project, which aims to characterize the microorganisms found in both potable water distribution systems and sewer networks. These large infrastructure systems have a major impact on our quality of life, and despite the importance of these systems as major components of the water cycle, little is known about their microbial ecology. Potable water distribution systems are large, highly interconnected and dynamic, and difficult to control. Sewer systems are also large and subject to time varying inputs and demands. Their performance also faces increasing loading due to increasing urbanization and longer-term environmental changes. Therefore, understanding the link between microbial ecology and any potential impacts on short or long-term engineering performance is important. By combining the strengths and research expertise of civil-, biochemical engineers and molecular microbial ecologists, we aim to link the abundance and diversity of microorganisms to physical and engineering variables so that novel insights into the ecology of microorganisms within both water distribution systems and sewer networks can be explored. By presenting the details of this multidisciplinary approach, and the principals behind the molecular microbiological methods and techniques that we use, this paper will demonstrate the potential of an integrated approach to better understand urban water system function and so meet future challenges.

Fuel Cells Bulletin • 2018

Canadian-based Hydrogenics has received an order, valued at US$7.8 million, to supply hydrogen PEM fuel cell power systems for zero-emission vehicles in China, with shipments expected to be made over the next 12 months. The customer has chosen to remain confidential at this time.