Stefanie Fuchs, Sofia Johansson, Anders Ø. Tjell et al.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering • 2021

Organ-on-chip systems are promising new in vitro research tools in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Their main benefit, compared to standard cell culture platforms, lies in the improved in vivo resemblance of the cell culture environment. A critical aspect of these systems is the ability to monitor both the cell culture conditions and biological responses of the cultured cells, such as proliferation and differentiation rates, release of signaling molecules, and metabolic activity. Today, this is mostly done using microscopy techniques and off-chip analytical techniques and assays. Integrating in situ analysis methods on-chip enables improved time resolution, continuous measurements, and a faster read-out; hence, more information can be obtained from the developed organ and disease models. Integrated electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors have been developed and used for chemical analysis in lab-on-a-chip systems for many years, and recently some of these sensing principles have started to find use in organ-on-chip systems as well. This perspective review describes the basic sensing principles, sensor fabrication, and sensor integration in organ-on-chip systems. The review also presents the current state of the art of integrated sensors and discusses future potential. We bring a technological perspective, with the aim of introducing in-line sensing and its promise to advance organ-on-chip systems and the challenges that lie in the integration to researchers without expertise in sensor technology.

Chengxin Niu, Bo Zhou, Xueye Wang et al.

ACS ES&T Engineering • 2025

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-related biofouling in anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactors (AnEMBR) is commonly mitigated, yet the underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. This study developed an electrochemical anaerobic membrane bioreactor to mitigate membrane fouling by modulating the EPS properties. Compared to the control AnMBR, the AnEMBR achieved a 67.7% reduction in fouling at a voltage of 1.2 V. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) further revealed a 47.5% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of EPS-protein foulants within the fouling layer. Furthermore, tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) concentrations in the AnEMBR decreased by 34.2%, contributing to the control of irreversible membrane fouling. To investigate the intrinsic role of EPS in fouling, a predictive membrane fouling model was developed using a supervised learning algorithm trained on experimental EPS data sets. After hyperparameter optimization, the model demonstrated excellent predictive performance with an R2 of 0.92. Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified TB-EPS proteins as the most critical factor influencing membrane fouling. Partial dependence plots further elucidated the marginal effects of different EPS fractions on membrane fouling and their respective partial dependence characteristics. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) validated the model’s predictions, revealing that TB-EPS in the AnEMBR formed a less viscoelastic and more removable biofouling layer compared to the AnMBR. This study highlights the mechanistic role of EPS in AnEMBR biofouling and underscores their significance for advancing sustainable strategies to mitigate membrane fouling in wastewater treatment systems.

Reza Riahi, Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh, Masoumeh Ghaderi et al.

Scientific Reports • 2016

There is an increasing interest in developing microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-a-chip platforms combined with sensing capabilities for continual monitoring of cell-secreted biomarkers. Conventional approaches such as ELISA and mass spectroscopy cannot satisfy the needs of continual monitoring as they are labor-intensive and not easily integrable with low-volume bioreactors. This paper reports on the development of an automated microfluidic bead-based electrochemical immunosensor for in-line measurement of cell-secreted biomarkers. For the operation of the multi-use immunosensor, disposable magnetic microbeads were used to immobilize biomarker-recognition molecules. Microvalves were further integrated in the microfluidic immunosensor chip to achieve programmable operations of the immunoassay including bead loading and unloading, binding, washing, and electrochemical sensing. The platform allowed convenient integration of the immunosensor with liver-on-chips to carry out continual quantification of biomarkers secreted from hepatocytes. Transferrin and albumin productions were monitored during a 5-day hepatotoxicity assessment in which human primary hepatocytes cultured in the bioreactor were treated with acetaminophen. Taken together, our unique microfluidic immunosensor provides a new platform for in-line detection of biomarkers in low volumes and long-term in vitro assessments of cellular functions in microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-chips.

Yuhu Nie, Sicheng Yuan, Shiyang Zhang et al.

Journal of Environmental Management • 2025

Shangqin Yuan, Fei Shen, Chee Kai Chua et al.

Progress in Polymer Science • 2018

Shrabana Sarkar, Aparna Banerjee, Urmi Halder et al.

Water Conservation Science and Engineering • 2017

Jianhua Wang, Changfei Gao, Zhiqiang Ji et al.

Separation and Purification Technology • 2023

Jibrael Odoom, Oliver Terna Iorhemen, Jianbing Li

Energy Ecology and Environment • 2024

Peng Zhang, Dengrong Sun, Ara Cho et al.

Nature Communications • 2019

Nanomaterials-based biomimetic catalysts with multiple functions are necessary to address challenges in artificial enzymes mimicking physiological processes. Here we report a metal-free nanozyme of modified graphitic carbon nitride and demonstrate its bifunctional enzyme-mimicking roles. With oxidase mimicking, hydrogen peroxide is generated from the coupled photocatalysis of glucose oxidation and dioxygen reduction under visible-light irradiation with a near 100% apparent quantum efficiency. Then, the in situ generated hydrogen peroxide serves for the subsequent peroxidase-mimicking reaction that oxidises a chromogenic substrate on the same catalysts in dark to complete the bifunctional oxidase-peroxidase for biomimetic detection of glucose. The bifunctional cascade catalysis is successfully demonstrated in microfluidics for the real-time colorimetric detection of glucose with a low detection limit of 0.8 μM within 30 s. The artificial nanozymes with physiological functions provide the feasible strategies for mimicking the natural enzymes and realizing the biomedical diagnostics with a smart and miniature device.

Jinzhou Fan, Zhibin Chen, Yu Cheng et al.

Water Research • 2024

Jie Yang, Ao Ding, Jiale Zhou et al.

Biosensors • 2023

Free-floating electrochemical sensors are promising for in situ bioprocess monitoring with the advantages of movability, a lowered risk of contamination, and a simplified structure of the bioreactor. Although floating sensors were developed for the measurement of physical and chemical indicators such as temperature, velocity of flow, pH, and dissolved oxygen, it is the lack of available electrochemical sensors for the determination of the inorganic ions in bioreactors that has a significant influence on cell culture. In this study, a capsule-shaped electrochemical system (iCapsuleEC) is developed to monitor ions including K + , NH 4 + , Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). It consists of a disposable electrochemical sensor and signal-processing device with features including multichannel measurement, self-calibration, and wireless data transmission. The capacities of the iCapsuleEC were demonstrated not only for in situ measurement of ion concentrations but also for the optimization of the sensing electrodes. We also explored the possibility of the system for use in detection in simulated cell culture media.

Faisal Alqarzaee, Md Abdullah Al Bari, Shaikh Abdur Razzak et al.

Emergent Materials • 2024

Fazil Qureshi, Hesam Kamyab, Saravanan Rajendran et al.

Materials Today Sustainability • 2025

Bio-hydrogen emerges as an environmentally friendly energy carrier, promising to diminish our reliance on fossil fuels. Employing biological approaches for hydrogen production aids in the dual objectives of waste management and energy generation. The economic viability of producing renewable bio-hydrogen from waste biomass is considerable, though the realization of extensive industrial-scale production remains an ongoing aspiration. This review underscores present viewpoints on the generation of bio-hydrogen as an alternative energy reservoir. The facilitation of bio-hydrogen production encompasses techniques like photolysis, fermentation, and electrochemical processes. To augment bio-hydrogen production, optimizing various influential production factors is imperative. Employing bioreactors with tailored designs and configurations can significantly enhance productivity. The incorporation of hybrid and novel strategies to bolster bio-hydrogen production, is recognized as a sturdy strategy. This comprehensive review highlights that biological methods, particularly photo and dark fermentation using various microorganisms, are the most prominent and promising techniques for sustainable bio-hydrogen production. While advancements in bioreactor design, genetic engineering, and the application of nano-materials (especially Ni and Fe) have improved yields, large-scale implementation remains hindered by economic and technological challenges, requiring further research and policy support. • Biohydrogen production methods are described thoroughly. • Bioreactors and other factors influence on biohydrogen are also elucidated. • Nano-materials and nanotechnology devices for biohydrogen production are also discussed. • Ni and Fe are most promising nanomaterials for H 2 production. • Constraints and future challenges are presented based on identified literature gaps.

Danny Bavli, Sebastian Prill, Elishai Ezra Tsur et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences • 2016

Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology aims to replace animal toxicity testing, but thus far has demonstrated few advantages over traditional methods. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of chemical and pharmaceutical toxicity, as well as pluripotency and disease processes. However, current methods to evaluate mitochondrial activity still rely on end-point assays, resulting in limited kinetic and prognostic information. Here, we present a liver-on-chip device capable of maintaining human tissue for over a month in vitro under physiological conditions. Mitochondrial respiration was monitored in real time using two-frequency phase modulation of tissue-embedded phosphorescent microprobes. A computer-controlled microfluidic switchboard allowed contiguous electrochemical measurements of glucose and lactate, providing real-time analysis of minute shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, an early indication of mitochondrial stress. We quantify the dynamics of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage and the resulting redistribution of ATP production during rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and troglitazone (Rezulin)-induced mitochondrial stress. We show troglitazone shifts metabolic fluxes at concentrations previously regarded as safe, suggesting a mechanism for its observed idiosyncratic effect. Our microfluidic platform reveals the dynamics and strategies of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage, a unique advantage of organ-on-chip technology.

Yeray Asensio, María Victoria Llorente, Sara Tejedor‐Sanz et al.

Journal of environmental chemical engineering • 2021

Electroactive bacteria are able to evolve strategies to transfer electrons with electroconductive materials. The boundaries of using electroactive bacteria to scale up wastewater treatments indicate the necessity to evaluate some of the most critical design and operational aspects. In this context, we have explored a concept so-called microbial electrochemical fluidized bed reactor (ME-FBR) for optimizing treatment of brewery wastewater by evaluating the anode potential, from + 200 mV to + 800 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M reference electrode), in a vast range of Organic Loading Rate (OLR;0.23 kg COD/m3 d−1 to 23.60 kg COD/m3 d−1). Furthermore, the impact of the cathode nature (stainless steel mesh and sponge) and the electroconductive bed volume was evaluated regarding the wastewater treatment capacity. This manuscript reveals a positive impact on the ME-FBR capacity for treating wastewater: COD removal (87%) and nutrient removal (66% of TN and 75% of TP). Finally, the treatment energy consumption was always under 0.4 kWh Kg CODremoved−1 which was 10-fold lower than the required energy for aerating bioreactors from conventional activated sludge or membrane reactors.

Shunhan Jia, Xiaodong Ma, Xiaofu Sun et al.

CCS Chemistry • 2022

Open AccessCCS ChemistryMINI REVIEW3 Oct 2022Electrochemical Transformation of CO2 to Value-Added Chemicals and Fuels Shunhan Jia, Xiaodong Ma, Xiaofu Sun and Buxing Han Shunhan Jia Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , Xiaodong Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , Xiaofu Sun *Corresponding authors: E-mail Address: [email protected] E-mail Address: [email protected] Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 and Buxing Han *Corresponding authors: E-mail Address: [email protected] E-mail Address: [email protected] Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.022.202202094 SectionsAboutAbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail CO2 is the main greenhouse gas and a renewable carbon resource. Electrochemical transformation of CO2 (CO2ET) to value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the promising routes to reduce CO2 emission and contributes to sustainability and carbon neutrality. In this review, we discuss recent developments on apparatuses used in CO2ET, electrocatalytic reactions of CO2 with water, organics, nitrogen, and nitrogen-containing compounds to synthesize chemicals and fuels by the construction of different chemical bonds (e.g., C–H, C–C, C–O, and C–N), and related reaction mechanisms. Also, an outlook was considered to highlight the opportunities and challenges in CO2ET. Download figure Download PowerPoint Introduction The skyrocketed atmospheric CO2 level resulting from the overuse of fossil fuels is breaking the carbon cycle and degrading our living environment, which compels us to adjust and optimize the current energy supply structure.1–3 At the same time, CO2 also demonstrates potential as a low-cost, abundant, toxic-free, and renewable C1 feedstock.2–4 Hence, the transformation of CO2 to value-added chemicals is significant for reducing the utilization of fossil resources and building a carbon-neutral society. Numerous routes have been developed for CO2 transformation, including thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, biochemical approaches, and some coupled strategies.2,3,5,6 Among these strategies, CO2 electrochemical transformation (CO2ET), with many advantages such as eco-friendly reaction conditions, clean power sources, tunable reaction pathways, and ideal technology compatibility (Scheme 1), is one of the most promising candidates for sustainable chemical production and renewable energy storage, achievable by multiple chemical bond formations (e.g., C–H, C–C, C–O, and C–N bonds). CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) is an important route to realizing the reaction between

Wassim El Housseini, François Lapicque, Alain Walcarius et al.

Electrochemical Science Advances • 2021

Abstract Beta‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + /NADH) is an important enzymatic co‐factor that can be efficiently regenerated using a rhodium‐based catalyst as electron transfer mediator ( ie , [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl] + , where Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and bpy = 2,2‐bipyridine). Here, the above mediated regeneration of NADH is implemented in a redox flow bioreactor hybridized with a gas diffusion electrode for hydrogen oxidation. The reactor was initially optimized with respect to rhodium complex and NAD + concentrations, humidification of the hydrogen gas, flow rates of both H 2 gas and electrolytic solution, and solution pH. The integration of an enzymatic reaction consuming the generated NADH was then investigated in a flow process, combining in series the electrochemical reactor to a biochemical cell with immobilized l ‐lactic dehydrogenase for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. A high activity was achieved with a turnover number up to 370 h −1 for NADH regeneration. Coupled electrochemical regeneration to enzymatic reaction led to total turnover number values of 2000 and 6.3 × 10 6 for NADH electrochemical regeneration and bioconversion, respectively.

Michael Adekanbi, Bashir Sani, Steve Oshiokhai Eshiemogie et al.

Energy Ecology and Environment • 2023

Aleksander Skardal, Sean V. Murphy, Mahesh Devarasetty et al.

Scientific Reports • 2017

Abstract Many drugs have progressed through preclinical and clinical trials and have been available – for years in some cases – before being recalled by the FDA for unanticipated toxicity in humans. One reason for such poor translation from drug candidate to successful use is a lack of model systems that accurately recapitulate normal tissue function of human organs and their response to drug compounds. Moreover, tissues in the body do not exist in isolation, but reside in a highly integrated and dynamically interactive environment, in which actions in one tissue can affect other downstream tissues. Few engineered model systems, including the growing variety of organoid and organ-on-a-chip platforms, have so far reflected the interactive nature of the human body. To address this challenge, we have developed an assortment of bioengineered tissue organoids and tissue constructs that are integrated in a closed circulatory perfusion system, facilitating inter-organ responses. We describe a three-tissue organ-on-a-chip system, comprised of liver, heart, and lung, and highlight examples of inter-organ responses to drug administration. We observe drug responses that depend on inter-tissue interaction, illustrating the value of multiple tissue integration for in vitro study of both the efficacy of and side effects associated with candidate drugs.

Xiaoying Qiu, Yuanyuan Cheng, Qiao Li et al.

Journal of Cleaner Production • 2023

Maryam Amouamouha, Gagik Badalians Gholikandi, T. W. Walker

The Science of The Total Environment • 2022

Mohammad S. Islam, C. K. Harnett

Engineering in Life Sciences • 2019

Enzyme-coated polymeric membranes are versatile catalysts for biofuel production and other chemical production from feedstock, like plant biomass. Such bioreactors are more energy efficient than high temperature methods because enzymes catalyze chemical reactions near room temperature. A major challenge in processing plant biomass is the presence of lignin, a complex aromatic polymer that resists chemical breakdown. Therefore, membranes coated with enzymes such as laccase that can degrade lignin are sought for energy extraction systems. We present an experimental study on optimizing an enzyme-based membrane bioreactor and investigate the tradeoff between high flow rate and short dwell time in the active region. In this work, zero flow rate voltammetry experiments confirm the electrochemical activity of Trametes versicolor laccase on conductive polymer electrodes, and a flow-through spectroscopy device with laccase-coated porous nylon membranes is used with a colorimetric laccase activity indicator to measure the catalysis rate and percent conversion as a function of reactant flow rate. Membrane porosity before and after laccase coating is verified with electron microscopy.

Han Xu, Xiao-Li Yang, Yun Liu et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2023

Jesna Ashraf, Alireza Akbarinejad, Colin L. Hisey et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces • 2022

Electrochemical techniques offer great opportunities for the capture of chemical and biological entities from complex mixtures and their subsequent release into clean buffers for analysis. Such methods are clean, robust, rapid, and compatible with a wide range of biological fluids. Here, we designed an electrochemically addressable system, based on a conducting terpolymer [P(EDOT -co- EDOTSAc -co- EDOTEG)] coated onto a carbon cloth substrate, to selectively capture and release biological entities using a simple electrochemical redox process. The conducting terpolymer composition was optimized and the terpolymer-coated carbon cloth was extensively characterized using electrochemical analysis, Raman and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The conductive terpolymer possesses a derivative of EDOT with an acetylthiomethyl moiety (EDOTSAc), which is converted into a "free" thiol that then undergoes reversible oxidation/reduction cycles at +1.0 V and -0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively. That redox process enables electrochemical capture and on-demand release. We first demonstrated the successful electrochemical capture/release of a fluorescently labeled IgG antibody. The same capture/release procedure was then applied to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), originating from both MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell line bioreactors. EVs were captured using the substrate-conjugated HER2 antibody which was purified from commercially available trastuzumab. Capture and release of breast cancer EVs using a trastuzumab-derived HER2 antibody has not been reported before (to the best of our knowledge). A rapid (2 min) release at a low potential (-0.8 V) achieved a high release efficiency (>70%) of the captured, HER2 +ve , SKBR3 EVs. The developed system and the electrochemical method are efficient and straightforward and have vast potential for the isolation and concentration of various biological targets from large volumes of biological and other (e.g., environmental) samples.

Christoph Tanne, Axel Schippers

Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology • 2017

Qumei Dai, Liting Yang, Yin Wang et al.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry • 2020

Julian Tix, Leon Gotthardt, Joshua Bode et al.

Fermentation • 2024

This work examines the electrochemically enhanced production of succinic acid using the bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes. The principal objective is to enhance the metabolic potential of glucose and CO2 utilization via the C4 pathway in order to synthesize succinic acid. We report on the development of an electro-bioreactor system to increase succinic acid production in a power-2-X approach. The use of activated carbon fibers as electrode surfaces and contact areas allows A. succinogenes to self-initiate biofilm formation. The integration of an electrical potential into the system shifts the redox balance from NAD+ to NADH, increasing the efficiency of metabolic processes. Mediators such as neutral red facilitate electron transfer within the system and optimize the redox reactions that are crucial for increased succinic acid production. Furthermore, the role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in electron transfer was investigated. The electro-bioreactor system developed here was operated in batch mode for 48 h and showed improvements in succinic acid yield and concentration. In particular, a run with 100 µM neutral red and a voltage of −600 mV achieved a yield of 0.7 gsuccinate·gglucose−1. In the absence of neutral red, a higher yield of 0.72 gsuccinate·gglucose−1 was achieved, which represents an increase of 14% compared to the control. When a potential of −600 mV was used in conjunction with 500 µg∙L−1 CNTs, a 21% increase in succinate concentration was observed after 48 h. An increase of 33% was achieved in the same batch by increasing the stirring speed. These results underscore the potential of the electro-bioreactor system to markedly enhance succinic acid production.

Anne Bhambri, Santosh Kumar Karn

Chemistry and Ecology • 2020

The increasing concentration of nutrient compounds such as nitrogen and phosphorus in effluents causes eutrophication results in rapid growing algae that encouraged a simultaneously decrease in the amount of dissolved O2 and causes harmful effects on the aquatic ecosystem, which leads to the killing of fish, depletion of flora and fauna to water bodies. Nitrogen and Phosphorus work like a hazardous nutrient compound causing acidification of the soil, acid rainfall, eutrophication, and toxicity. The abundance of nitrogen decreases the level of other minerals and imbalances toxic elements such as aluminium which can spread and cause harm to plants and also fish in rivers. The primary mechanisms of removal, treatment and process are described elaborately in this work. This paper highlighting the different techniques, such as whole cells-based removal, immobilisation-based methods, photobioreactor, Bio-CAST-based technology, pilot-scale biological nutrient removal technology, bio-electrochemical system, membrane bioreactor, enhanced allure-type biological system, fresh and marine water microalgae biomass, hetero-photoautotrophic two-stage cultivation, sequential adaptation, deceleration-stat technique and their removal efficiency, are discussed in detail separately. Therefore, suitable economical and optimized methods are needed globally to maintain a balanced nutrient level. This work describes the key issues related to the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery.

Wenchao Xue, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon, A.M.S.N. Amarakoon et al.

Water Cycle • 2025

Emerging contaminants (ECs) pose significant risks to environmental and human health, necessitating advanced treatment technologies. Integrating electrochemical processes with membrane filtration has emerged as a promising solution for preventing the leakage of various ECs in water and wastewater treatment. This review critically evaluates recent applications of hybrid membrane and electrochemical technologies for EC removal, systematically examining various configurations such as two-stage processes, one-pot systems with reactive electrochemical membranes, and electrochemical membrane bioreactors (EMBRs). The review highlights their working mechanisms, performance, and energy efficiencies in removing ECs. It analyzes the potentials and challenges of each hybrid configuration: two-stage processes, while easily integrated into existing systems, face energy efficiency limitations; one-pot systems offer promise in enhancing energy efficiency and membrane self-cleaning but need further research for scalability and long-term effectiveness; and EMBRs, which integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes, require additional studies to optimize performance and address complex interactions. Future research should also focus on understanding the degradation mechanisms and toxicity pathways of ECs, as well as on developing cost-effective and scalable membrane-electrochemical hybrid technologies for newly identified contaminants. • Coupled electrochemical-membrane processes efficiently remove ECs. • Three configurations—two-stage, one-pot, & EMBRs—offer unique benefits & challenges. • Reviewed EC removal covers EDCs, PPCPs, antibiotics, ARGs, DBPs, & M/NPs. • REMs enhance EC removal with improved energy efficiency. • EMBRs integrate synergistic processes for versatile wastewater treatment.

Sadia Anjum, Shakira Aslam, Nazim Hussain et al.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy • 2023

Chak Ming Leung, Pim de Haan, Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard et al.

Nature Reviews Methods Primers • 2022

Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips are designed to control cell microenvironments and maintain tissue-specific functions. Combining advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication, OoCs have gained interest as a next-generation experimental platform to investigate human pathophysiology and the effect of therapeutics in the body. There are as many examples of OoCs as there are applications, making it difficult for new researchers to understand what makes one OoC more suited to an application than another. This Primer is intended to give an introduction to the aspects of OoC that need to be considered when developing an application-specific OoC. The Primer covers guiding principles and considerations to design, fabricate and operate an OoC, as well as subsequent assaying techniques to extract biological information from OoC devices. Alongside this is a discussion of current and future applications of OoC technology, to inform design and operational decisions during the implementation of OoC systems. Organs-on-chips are microfluidic systems containing miniature tissues with the aim of mimicking human physiology for a range of biomedical and therapeutic applications. Leung, de Haan et al. report practical tips to inform design and operational decisions during the implementation of organ-on-a-chip systems.

Sojin Min, Hosung Lee, Lijuan Deng et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2024

Gyana Prakash Bhoi, Kripa S. Singh, Dennis A. Connor

Water Environment Research • 2023

A batch monopolar reactor was developed for total phosphorus (TP) recovery using electrochemical struvite precipitation. This study involves the optimization of factors using response surface methodology to maximize the TP recovery. The optimal parameters for this study were found to be a pH of 8.40, a retention time of 35 min, a current density of 300 A/m 2 , and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, resulting in 97.3% of TP recovery and energy consumption of 2.35 kWh/m 3 . A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimum operating conditions, TP removal follows second-order kinetics (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m 2 ·min)). The system performance was compared to the performance of an iron electrocoagulation system. The composition of the precipitate obtained during the optimal runs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and EDS analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis of the magnesium precipitate revealed the presence of struvite as the only crystalline compound. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Electrochemical struvite precipitation has the potential to recover total phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent. Optimum conditions for phosphorus recovery was found at a pH of 8.4, retention time of 35 min, current density of 300 A/m2, and interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm. The quadratic model predicted complete (100 %) TP recovery under optimized conditions, whereas 97.3 % recovery was observed under experimental conditions. TP removal under optimum conditions followed second-order rate equation (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m 2 ·min)). XRD analysis of the precipitate revealed struvite as the only crystalline compound.

Mohammad Reza Esmailbagi, Mahin Schaffie, Ataollah Kamyabi et al.

Hydrometallurgy • 2018

Rieks de Rink, Dandan Liu, Annemiek ter Heijne et al.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering • 2022

In the biotechnological gas desulfurization process, dissolved sulfide is oxidized into predominantly elemental sulfur (S8) by sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB) under strict oxygen limited conditions. An online measurement of the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is used to control the O2supply to the bioreactor to maximize the selectivity for S8formation and minimize unwanted sulfate formation. While the ORP in the bioreactor is considered to be a measure of mainly sulfide and oxygen concentrations, in practice, none of these components are detectable. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of stored charge in SOB toward ORP. Stored charge in SOB was measured in an electrochemical cell. These SOB were harvested from the bioreactor of a pilot-scale desulfurization installation. The bioreactor, in which sulfide was not detectable, was operated at different ORP setpoints (-250 to-390 mV vs Ag/AgCl). It was found that more charge was recovered from SOB when the ORP in the aerated bioreactor was lower. These measurements were used to calibrate a model to describe the ORP based on charge storage in SOB, which showed that S8formation increases and sulfate formation decreases when SOB contain more charge. This can be used to further optimize the biotechnological desulfurization process.

Lixue Liu, Wenyu Liu, Liqiang Yu et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2021

L. Rajendran, M. Kirthiga, Eduardo Laborda

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry • 2017

Genping Yi, Bo Wang, Yufa Feng et al.

Resources Conservation and Recycling • 2022

Long Lin, Bappi Chowdhury, Basem S. Zakaria et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2019

Ji Yeow Law, Michelle L. Soupir, D. Raj Raman et al.

Ecological Engineering • 2017