Yang Bai, Juanjuan Su, Fan Wang et al.

Advanced Functional Materials • 2025

Abstract The rapid expansion of electronic waste (E‐waste) has positioned it as the fastest‐growing waste stream globally, containing valuable reserves of rare earth elements, precious metals, and critical raw materials. While conventional pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical processes dominate current recycling practices, their energy‐demanding operations and reliance on toxic reagents raise substantial ecological concerns. Synthetic‐biology‐based bioremediation offers a promising alternative, utilizing genetically modified microorganisms for selective bioleaching, biosorption, and bioaccumulation. Cutting‐edge advances in metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic gene circuits have significantly improved microbial capabilities, enabling higher metal selectivity, enhanced tolerance to acidic conditions, and faster recovery kinetics in complex E‐waste matrices. Nevertheless, critical bottlenecks persist in maintaining microbial consortia stability under industrial conditions, in achieving phase‐selective extraction from polymetallic waste streams, and scaling up continuous bioreactor operations. This review systematically evaluates advancements in microbial chassis for E‐waste recycling, focusing on genome editing tools and enzyme optimization. A synergistic framework combining protein engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution, and hybrid bioelectrochemical system reactors is further proposed to overcome existing limitations. Implementing these engineered biological systems can transform urban mining practices, supporting circular economy goals through efficient metal recovery and resource reuse.

Yue Dong, Weihua He, Chao Li et al.

Journal of Power Sources • 2018

Shadman Sadiq, I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine • 2019

Overuse and misuse of different antibiotics are considered as one of the main causes of antibiotics accumulation in the environment, most commonly used antibiotics are semimetabolized and excreted by humans to the environment. Studies reported that antibiotic usage exceeds 100,000 tons per year, and this amount may be shocking. However, in fact, the persistence of antibiotic compounds may be more dangerous than the used amount, so it is necessary to develop new methods for elimination of these new pollutants from the environment, especially from water. In this paper, we highlight new and more efficient methods used for removing antibiotic residues (AR) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The new techniques are Fe 3 O 4 /red mud nanoparticles, 3D hierarchical porous-structured biochar aerogels, calcined layered double hydroxides, co-doped UiO-66 nanoparticles, Cu@TiO 2 hybrids, bioelectrochemical systems, and aerobic granulation process. Most of these methods showed good performance in removing AR and ARGs that ranged from 85% to 95%. These percentages are consider very efficient compared with traditional wastewater treatment methods.

Rajesh K. Srivastava, Rajender Boddula, Ramyakrishna Pothu

Energy Conversion and Management X • 2021

There is a huge quantity of energy needs/demands for multiple developmental and domestic activities in the modern era. And in this context, consumption of more non-renewable energy is reported and created many problems or issues (availability of fossil fuel stocks in the future period, causes a huge quantity of toxic gases or particles or climatic change effects) at the global level. And only sustainable or renewable fuel development can provide alternate fuel, and we report from various biological agents processes, including microbial biofuel cell applications for future energy needs only. These will not cause any interference in natural resources or services. Microbial biofuel cells utilize the living cell to produce bioelectricity via bioelectrochemical system. It can drive electricity or other energy generation currents via lived cell interaction. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and enzymatic biofuel cells, with their advancement in design, can improve sustainable bio-energy production by proving an efficient conversion system compared to chemical fuels into electric power. Different types of MFCs operation are reported in wastewater treatment with biogas, biohydrogen and other biofuel/energy generation. Later, biogas can convert into electric power. Hybrid microbial biofuel cell utility with photochemical reaction is found for electricity generation. Recent research and development in microbial biofuel design and its application will emphasize bioenergy for the future.

Dmitry Pankratov, Fei Shen, Roberto Ortiz et al.

Chemical Communications • 2018

We present a fuel-independent self-charging biosupercapacitor comprising an oxygen reducing enzymatic biocathode and an opposing bioelectrode, in which the supercapacitive properties of immobilised protein were utilised. Our findings disclose a novel hybrid type of bioelectrochemical systems, which can potentially be employed as an autonomous power supplier under substrate-deficient conditions.

Artur Jędrzak, Tomasz Rębiś, M. Nowicki et al.

Applied Surface Science • 2018

Serena Arnaboldi, Gerardo Salinas, Aleksandar Karajić et al.

Nature Chemistry • 2021

Gaolong Zhu, Yun Yang, Juan Liu et al.

Biosensors and Bioelectronics • 2017

André Baudler, Markus Langner, Camilla Rohr et al.

ChemSusChem • 2016

In this publication, we propose metal-polymer hybrid materials as a novel platform for the development of 3 D anode materials for bioelectrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells. Extremely low gravimetric density, high porosity, high electric conductivity, and distinct elastic properties are characteristics that are superior for bioelectrochemical applications. As a proof of concept, we investigated copper-melamine foams (Cu-MF) based on a commercially available, open cell melamine foam. With a low amount of copper (16.3 mg cm -3 for Cu-MF 206 ) used for metallization, such electrode material can be manufactured at low price. The Cu-MF sponges are readily colonized by electrochemically active bacteria and are electrochemically stable over an experimental period of more than 75 days. The Cu-MF-biofilm electrodes exhibit volumetric current densities of up to 15.5 mA cm -3 . During long-term operation, overgrowth of the Cu-MF pore structures by the Geobacter-dominated biofilms occurs, from which demands for future electrode developments are derived.

N. Samali Weliwatte, Shelley D. Minteer

Joule • 2021

Patricio Ramı́rez, Sergio Portillo, Javier Cervera et al.

The Journal of Chemical Physics • 2024

We show that ionic conduction properties of a multipore nanofluidic memristor can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of an external driving signal but also by chemical gating based on the electrolyte concentration, presence of divalent and trivalent cations, and multi-ionic systems in single and mixed electrolytes. In addition, we describe the modulation of current rectification and hysteresis phenomena, together with neuromorphic conductance responses to voltage pulses, in symmetric and asymmetric external solutions. In our case, memristor conical pores act as nanofluidic diodes modulated by ionic solution characteristics due to the surface charge-regulated ionic transport. The above facts suggest potential sensing and actuating applications based on the conversion between ionic and electronic signals in bioelectrochemical hybrid circuits.

Zhongxiang Zhi, Yang Pan, Xueqin Lü et al.

The Science of The Total Environment • 2021

Guangyin Zhen, Yang Pan, Xueqin Lü et al.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews • 2019

Haiyan Song, Chunling Ma, Pi Liu et al.

Journal of CO2 Utilization • 2019

Zeou Dou, Christy M. Dykstra, Spyros G. Pavlostathis

The Science of The Total Environment • 2018

Qian Wang, Shafeer Kalathil, Chanon Pornrungroj et al.

Nature Catalysis • 2022

Gunda Mohanakrishna, Riyadh I. Al‐Raoush, Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh

Biotechnology Reports • 2020

The impact of readily biodegradable substrates (sewage and acetate) in bioelectroremediation of hydrocarbons (PW) was evaluated in a bench-scale soil-based hybrid bioelectrochemical system. Addition of bioelectro-stimulants evidenced efficient degradation than control operation. Acetate and sewage were exhibited power density of 1126 mW/m 2 and 1145 mW/m 2 , respectively, which is almost 15 % higher than control (without stimulant, 974 mW/m 2 ). Increased electrochemical activity was correlated well with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation through addition of acetate (TPH R , 525 mg/L, 67.4 %) and sewage (TPH R , 560 mg/L,71.8 %) compared to the control operation (TPH R , 503 mg/L, 64.5 %). Similarly, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was also enhanced from 69.0 % (control) to 72.1 % and 74.6 % with acetate and sewage, respectively. Sewage and acetate also showed a positive role in sulfates removal, which enhanced from 56.0 % (control) to 62.9 % (acetate) and 72.6 % (sewage). This study signifies the superior function of sewage as biostimulant compared to acetate for the bioelectroremediation of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils.

Fei Shen, Dmitry Pankratov, Galina Pankratova et al.

Bioelectrochemistry • 2019

Weiwei Cai, Wenzong Liu, Chunxue Yang et al.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering • 2016

Understanding the microbial community structure relative to enhancement of methane production from digestion of waste-activated sludge (WAS) coupled with a bioelectrochemical system is a key scientific question for the potential application of bioelectrochemistry in biogas production. Little has been known about the influence of electrode on the structure and function of microbial communities, especially methanogens in a bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor. Here, a hybrid reactor, which coupled bioelectrolysis and AD, was developed to enhance methane recovery from WAS. The methane production rate reached up to 0.0564 m3 methane/(m3 reactor*d) in the hybrid reactor at room temperature, which was nearly double than that of the control anaerobic reactor (0.0259 m3 methane/(m3reactor*d)) without bioelectrochemical device. Microbial community analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanobacterium dominated the cathode biofilm, which was the predominant contributor to accelerate the methane production rate from WAS. While acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta was enriched in the sludge phase of all reactors, shifts of the microbial community structure of the biocathode was in significant correlation with the methane production. This study suggested a potential way to utilize a bioelectrochemical system with the regulated microbial community to enhance methane production from WAS.

Rusen Zou, Kai Tang, Adam C. Hambly et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials • 2021

Bio-electro-Fenton is emerging as an alternative technology for the efficient and cost-effective removal of refractory micropollutants. Though promising, there are still several challenges that limit its wide application, including acidic operating conditions (pH at 2-3), the addition of supporting electrolytes (e.g., Na 2 SO 4 ), and the issue of iron sludge generation. To address these challenges, a novel hybrid persulfate-photo-bioelectrochemical (PPBEC) system is proposed to remove model micropollutants (carbamazepine and clorfibric acid), from secondary effluent at low persulfate (PS) dosage and neutral pH. The effect of crucial operating parameters on the process was studied, including input voltage, cathodic aeration velocity, and PS dose. Under optimal conditions (0.6 V, 0.005 mL min -1 mL -1 and 1 mM), the PPBEC system achieved approx. 0.56-1.71 times greater micropollutant removal with 93% lower energy consumption when compared to the individual processes (UV/PS and PBEC). The improved performance was attributed to a faster production of sulfate radicals by UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide activation and single-electron reduction, and hydroxyl radicals generated by UV irradiation. Furthermore, the transformation products of carbamazepine and clorfibric acid were identified and the probable pathways are proposed. Finally, the ecotoxicity of the PPBEC treated effluent was assessed by using Vibrio Fischeri, which exhibited a non-toxic effect.

Min-Hua Cui, Thangavel Sangeetha, Lei Gao et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials • 2019

Ranran Wu, Yangyang Yu, Yuanming Wang et al.

iScience • 2021

A microbial electrochemical system could potentially be applied as a biosynthesis platform by extracting wastewater energy while converting it to value-added chemicals. However, the unfavorable thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics of in vivo whole-cell cathodic catalysis largely limit product diversity and value. Herein, we convert the in vivo cathodic reaction to in vitro enzymatic catalysis and develop a microbe-enzyme hybrid bioelectrochemical system (BES), where microbes release the electricity from wastewater (anode) to power enzymatic catalysis (cathode). Three representative examples for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, including halofunctionalized oleic acid based on a cascade reaction, (4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl)-methanol based on electrochemical cofactor regeneration, and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine based on electrochemical reduction, were demonstrated. According to the techno-economic analysis, this system could deliver high system profit, opening an avenue to a potentially viable wastewater-to-profit process while shedding scientific light on hybrid BES mechanisms toward a sustainable reuse of wastewater.

Sanjha Mangrio, Aneela Tahira, Abdul Sattar Chang et al.

Biosensors • 2023

The electrochemical performance of NiCo 2 O 4 with urea precursors was evaluated in order to develop a non-enzymatic urea sensor. In this study, NiCo 2 O 4 nanostructures were synthesized hydrothermally at different concentrations of urea and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Nanostructures of NiCo 2 O 4 exhibit a nanorod-like morphology and a cubic phase crystal structure. Urea can be detected with high sensitivity through NiCo 2 O 4 nanostructures driven by urea precursors under alkaline conditions. A low limit of detection of 0.05 and an analytical range of 0.1 mM to 10 mM urea are provided. The concentration of 006 mM was determined by cyclic voltammetry. Chronoamperometry was used to determine the linear range in the range of 0.1 mM to 8 mM. Several analytical parameters were assessed, including selectivity, stability, and repeatability. NiCo 2 O 4 nanostructures can also be used to detect urea in various biological samples in a practical manner.

Anastasia S. Medvedeva, Elena I. Dyakova, Lyubov S. Kuznetsova et al.

Polymers • 2023

Electropolymerized thionine was used as a redox-active polymer to create a two-mediated microbial biosensor for determining biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The electrochemical characteristics of the conducting system were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It has been shown that the most promising in terms of the rate of interaction with the yeast B. adeninivorans is the system based on poly(thionine), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and neutral red (k int = 0.071 dm 3 /(g·s)). The biosensor based on this system is characterized by high sensitivity (the lower limit of determined BOD concentrations is 0.4 mgO 2 /dm 3 ). Sample analysis by means of the developed analytical system showed that the results of the standard dilution method and those using the biosensor differed insignificantly. Thus, for the first time, the fundamental possibility of effectively using nanocomposite materials based on SWCNT and the redox-active polymer poly(thionine) as one of the components of two-mediator systems for electron transfer from yeast microorganisms to the electrode has been shown. It opens up prospects for creating stable and highly sensitive electrochemical systems based on eukaryotes.

Henok Baye Habtamu, Tarcisio Not, Luigina De Leo et al.

Sensors • 2019

Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder affecting a significant percentage of the general population, with increasing incidence particularly for children. Reliable analytical methods suitable for the serological diagnosis of the disorder are urgently required for performing both the early diagnosis and the follow-up of a patient adhering to a gluten-free diet. Herein we report on the preparation and application of a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on the use of ensembles of gold nanoelectrodes (NEEs) for the detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), which is considered one reliable serological marker for CD. To this end, we take advantage of the composite nature of the nanostructured surface of membrane-templated NEEs by functionalizing the polycarbonate surface of the track-etched membrane with tissue transglutaminase. Incubation of the functionalized NEE in anti-tTG samples results in the capture of the anti-tTG antibody. Confirmation of the recognition event is achieved by incubating the NEE with a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP): in the presence of H₂O₂ as substrate and hydroquinone as redox mediator, an electrocatalytic current is indeed generated whose increment is proportional to the amount of anti-tTG captured from the sample. The optimized sensor allows a detection limit of 1.8 ng mL -1 , with satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility. Analysis of serum samples from 28 individuals, some healthy and some affected by CD, furnished analytical results comparable with those achieved by classical fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA). We note that the NEE-based immunosensor developed here detects the IgG isotype of anti-tTG, while FEIA detects the IgA isotype, which is not a suitable diagnostic marker for IgA-deficient patients.

Lina Goumana Mohtar Mohtar, Pedro R. Aranda, Germán A. Messina et al.

Microchemical Journal • 2018

Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry • 2018

Yu Hou, Jimei Qi, Jiwei Hu et al.

Processes • 2020

Mesoporous Mn-doped Fe nanoparticle-modified reduced graphene oxide (Mn-doped Fe/rGO) was prepared through a one-step co-precipitation method, which was then used to eliminate ethyl violet (EV) in wastewater. The prepared Mn-doped Fe/rGO was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, N2-sorption, small angle X-ray diffraction and superconducting quantum interference device. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of Mn-doped Fe/rGO composites was 104.088 m2/g. The EV elimination by Mn-doped Fe/rGO was modeled and optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) models (i.e., radial basis function network, random forest, artificial neural network genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and particle swarm optimization). Among these AI models, ANN-GA is considered as the best model for predicting the removal efficiency of EV by Mn-doped Fe/rGO. The evaluation of variables shows that dosage gives the maximum importance to Mn-doped Fe/rGO removal of EV. The experimental data were fitted to kinetics and adsorption isotherm models. The results indicated that the process of EV removal by Mn-doped Fe/rGO obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 1000.00 mg/g. This study provides a possibility for synthesis of Mn-doped Fe/rGO by co-precipitation as an excellent material for EV removal from the aqueous phase.

Mads Ujarak Sieborg, Lars Ditlev Mørck Ottosen, Michael Vedel Wegener Kofoed

Bioresource Technology • 2023

Biomethanation is an emerging Power-to-X technology enabling CO 2 valorisation to produce biomethane using renewable H 2 . A promising reactor for facilitating biomethanation is the trickle bed reactor (TBR), however, these bioreactors are conventionally operated with a black-box approach, where the system is solely described by the input and output characteristics. This study employed a novel approach for process surveillance of internal dynamics in TBRs by installing multiple H 2 microsensors along its vertical axis. The H 2 microsensor monitoring was demonstrated for 135 days in a TBR integrated into a full-scale biogas plant. Despite achieving an overall CH 4 productivity of 12.6 L L -1 d -1 , the vertical positioning of microsensors revealed a clear zonation with CH 4 productivity zones reaching 54.8 L L -1 d -1 and enabled early warning detection of deteriorating process performance days before detecting it in the product gas. Thus, vertically positioned microsensors present a promising solution for securing process stability.

Zahra H. Mohammad, Faizan Ahmad, Salam A. Ibrahim et al.

Discover Food • 2022

Abstract Nanotechnology is a novel and promising technology that has been introduced into many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. For the food industry, nanotechnology is of great interest as an emerging technology in the area of food processing, safety, and packaging. For example, nanotechnology can be used in food processing to enhance the overall quality of food including, taste, flavor, bioavailability, and can also help to extend product shelf life. With regard to food safety, nanotechnology is utilized to detect pathogens and toxins in food products and to strengthen barrier properties. Additionally, nanotechnology is widely used in food packaging as an antimicrobial and to produce intelligent packaging. However, nanoparticles may have a potential toxicity risk to human health. Therefore, establishing an adequate regulatory system to manage the potential risks associated with nanotechnology applications is recommended. This review covered nanotechnology in food safety and packaging, classifications, and safety concerns.

Clare E. Reimers, Cheng Li, Michael F. Graw et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2017

Multicellular, filamentous, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, known as cable bacteria, were discovered attached to fibers of a carbon brush electrode serving as an anode of a benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC). The BMFC had been operated in a temperate estuarine environment for over a year before collecting anode samples for scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses. Individual filaments were attached by single terminus cells with networks of pilus-like nano-filaments radiating out from these cells, across the anode fiber surface, and between adjacent attachment locations. Current harvesting by the BMFC poised the anode at potentials of ~170-250 mV vs. SHE, and these surface potentials appear to have allowed the cable bacteria to use the anode as an electron acceptor in a completely anaerobic environment. A combination of catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the phylogeny of the cable bacteria and showed that filaments often occurred in bundles and in close association with members of the genera Desulfuromonas . However, the Desulfobulbaceae Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from the 16S sequencing did not cluster closely with other putative cable bacteria sequences suggesting that the taxonomic delineation of cable bacteria is far from complete.

Laura Sakalauskiene, Benediktas Brasiūnas, Anton Popov et al.

Biosensors • 2023

Precise blood glucose detection plays a crucial role in diagnosing and medicating diabetes, in addition to aiding diabetic patients in effectively managing their condition. In this research, a first-generation reagentless amperometric glucose biosensor was developed by combining the graphite rod (GR) electrode modification by gold nanostructures (AuNS) and Prussian blue (PB) with glucose oxidase (GOx)-an enzyme that can oxidize glucose and produce H 2 O 2 . Firstly, AuNS was electrochemically deposited on the GR electrode (AuNS/GR), and then PB was electrochemically synthesized on the AuNS/GR electrode (PB/AuNS/GR). Finally, GOx was immobilized over the PB/AuNS nanocomposite with the assistance of Nafion (Nf) (Nf-GOx/PB/AuNS/GR). An application of PB in the design of a glucose biosensor enables an easy electrochemical reduction and, thus, the determination of the H 2 O 2 produced during the GOx-catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the sample at a low operation potential of -0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl 3 mol L -1 . In addition, AuNS increased the electrochemically active surface area, improved the GOx immobilization and ensured a higher analytical signal. The developed glucose biosensor based on the Nf-GOx/PB/AuNS/GR electrode exhibited a wide linear range, from 0.025 to 1 mmol L -1 of glucose, with a 0.0088 mmol L -1 limit of detection, good repeatability and high selectivity over electroactive interfering substances. The developed biosensor is convenient for the determination of glucose in the physiological environment.

Andrea Castillo-Atoche, Norberto Alonso Colín Garcia, Johan Jair Estrada-Lopez et al.

SSRN Electronic Journal • 2023

Sabine Kuss

Electrochemical Science Advances • 2022

In our ever-changing and evolving world, disciplines in natural sciences are rarely able to solve complex research questions on their own anymore. Interdisciplinary research has become crucial to allow humanity to adapt to rapidly developing challenges, such as climate change, emerging diseases, an aging society, and growing socioeconomic inequalities. As one of the most rapidly growing interdisciplinary fields, bioelectrochemistry connects researchers all around the world, aiming to approach questions at the interface of biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, and engineering from a new perspective. What started as a small community has developed over the last 2 decades into a diverse research society that provides remarkable insights into disease mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and bio-energy-related technology, such as microbial fuel cells. This special collection presents research papers of exceptional bioelectrochemical studies, showcasing advances in point-of-care biosensor development, mechanistic bioelectrochemical research as well as biological energy harvesting and conversion. Articles are dedicated to understanding complex biological systems related to illnesses and answering questions in medical research, biosynthesis, and sustainable energy applications by bioelectrochemistry that require a multi-disciplinary knowledge base and interdisciplinary technologies. The importance of the development of point-of-care sensors cannot be overstated, as biosensors are crucially needed to tackle emerging pathogens and to advance treatment strategies for other illnesses. The detection of disease biomarkers by electrochemistry has received tremendous attention over the last decade. Diagnostic studies for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, infectious diseases, heart disease, and sepsis are only a few examples of ample contributions within this field of research. A wonderful example of successful immunosensing of a biomarker related to various illnesses, including angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and sepsis, is the contribution by Campuzano. In this publication, growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) protein is detected in human plasma and cell secretomes at screen-printed electrodes. Using the electrochemistry of the hydroquinone system, GAS6 is detected at antibody-modified magnetic micro-particles and further recognized by streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The use of screen-printed electrodes and an analysis time of about 75 min carries a great potential for the implementation of this sensing assay to be further developed into a clinical diagnostic device. Biodegradable electrodes are an emerging type of biosensors, highly applicable to clinical settings. Vadgama presents an interesting approach for chronic wound monitoring through albumin-collagen cross-linked membranes. This study demonstrates that diffusion barrier membranes can be made from protein mats, selective for H2O2, ascorbate, and glucose, and calls for future explorations of diffusion barriers for other clinical applications. A rather new type of biosensor is the photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor. These sensors operate based on the principle of photon-induced promotion of electrons to the conduction band within a semiconductor. The promoted electron can reduce an analyte or the formed valence band hole can oxidize an analyte. This principle is applied by Schöning, reporting a PEC enzymatic penicillin biosensor. The detection of penicillin was realized in this study through the enzyme penicillinase, immobilized on TiO2 electrodes. The recognition of H+ ions, which are generated by penicillinase, opens the possibility to transfer this method to other analytes, enabling the application of this sensor to multi-analyte detection, as proposed by the authors. The detection of antibiotics in the environment is of great interest because the contamination of water and food sources with antimicrobials promotes th

Niyaz Alizadeh, Antonios Georgas, Christos Argirusis et al.

Coatings • 2026

Polymers and their composites have introduced significant advancements in engineering and technology. The primary advantages of polymeric materials include their lightweight nature, ease of manufacturing, anti-corrosion properties, reduced power consumption during assembly and integration, as well as enhanced stiffness, durability, and fatigue resistance. Polymer coatings with conductive polymers allow efficient charge transfer and make electrodes more flexible, helping them better match the mechanical properties of soft tissues. In addition, polymer coatings can protect electrodes from corrosion, reduce biofouling, and provide sites for attaching biomolecules, making them essential for reliable and long-term bioelectrode and biosensor performance. Polymer coatings for electrochemical bioelectrodes play a crucial role in enhancing sensor performance and stability in biological environments as they improve the interaction between electronic devices and biological tissues. These coatings enhance biocompatibility by reducing inflammation and tissue damage while also lowering electrode impedance to improve signal quality. The present review focuses on the most recent developments in polymer coatings for electrochemical biosensors and respective applications. The manuscript provides an overview of polymer materials, emerging strategies, coating approaches, and the resulting enhancements in bioelectrochemical applications.

Xiaoyan Lei, Yaqian Zhao, Asheesh Kumar Yadav et al.

Journal of environmental chemical engineering • 2025

Ping Song, Juwen Shen, Dekai Ye et al.

Nature Communications • 2020

Protein-protein interactions are spatially regulated in living cells to realize high reaction efficiency, as seen in naturally existing electron-transfer chains. Nevertheless, arrangement of chemical/biochemical components at the artificial device interfaces does not possess the same level of control. Here we report a tetrahedral DNA framework-enabled bulk enzyme heterojunction (BEH) strategy to program the multi-enzyme catalytic cascade at the interface of electrochemical biosensors. The construction of interpenetrating network of BEH at the millimeter-scale electrode interface brings enzyme pairs within the critical coupling length (CCL) of ~10 nm, which in turn greatly improve the overall catalytic cascade efficiency by ~10-fold. We demonstrate the BEH generality with a range of enzyme pairs for electrochemically detecting clinically relevant molecular targets. As a proof of concept, a BEH-based sarcosine sensor enables single-step detection of the metabolic biomarker of sarcosine with ultrasensitivity, which hold the potential for precision diagnosis of early-stage prostate cancer.

Ljupčo Pejov, Kiril Hristovski, Scott R. Burge et al.

Biointerphases • 2025

This study provides in-depth insights into the thermodynamics of electrochemical processes that govern the generation and temporal modulation of open-circuit potentials in biofilms and presents the foundation and applications of open-circuit potential methods to study the bioelectrochemical behaviors of biofilms. This investigation was guided by an overarching hypothesis that models should adequately explain the open-circuit potential patterns generated by biofilms when environmental conditions change; and from this work, a generalized model of electrochemical processes endemic to the biofilm electrode was developed and validated. The proposed model accounts for open system thermodynamics and the kinetics of bioelectrochemical transformations, and the model is simplified to enable applicability to a wide range of processes that are possible within biofilms. As such, the model can account for different parameters associated with various biofilm systems and is extendable to include numerous other experimental conditions. The model predictions were compared to the experimental data generated by 48 equidistantly located microbial potentiometric sensor electrodes in a chamber capable of simulating naturally occurring water matrix, which was exposed to environmental conditions. By combining electrochemical-cell thermodynamics and kinetics approaches, the model explained the temporal dependences of the open circuit potentials in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the interconversion of two regimes commonly observed in natural systems. At the same time, it enables extraction of the relevant kinetic parameters from experimentally measured time evolution of the open circuit potentials.

Maryam Darvishi, Shahab Shariati, Fariba Safa et al.

RSC Advances • 2021

In this work, a sensitive and efficient voltammetric biosensor was introduced for differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of some phthalic acid esters (PAEs) including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) in aqueous solutions. Briefly, the surface of a copper electrode was modified by azolla paste prepared using azolla powder and electroencephalography gel (EEG). The modified surface was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. Determination of PAEs was conducted based on their blocking effect on the electrode surface for ferrous ion oxidation. The central composite design (CCD) was conducted to optimize the effects of four experimental parameters including the concentration of Fe 2+ ions ( C Fe 2+ ) and supporting electrolyte ( C sup. elec ), solution pH and modifier/gel mass ratio on the decrease in the anodic peak current of ferrous ions as the response. Predicted optimal conditions ( C Fe 2+ = 319 μM, C sup. elec = 0.125 M, pH = 7.52 and modifier/gel mass ratio = 0.19) were validated by experimental checking which resulted in an error of 1.453%. At the optimum conditions, linear relationships were found between the DPV responses and PAEs concentrations and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were in the ranges of 0.2-0.4 μg L -1 and 0.5-1.0 μg L -1 , respectively. Good recovery percentages ranging from 97.3 to 100.3% with RSD < 3.2% suggested the proposed method for efficient, accurate and quick determination of PAEs in real water samples.

Hesham Sameh Ramadan, Randa A. Abdel Salam, Ghada M. Hadad et al.

Scientific Reports • 2023

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved co-formulated celecoxib and tramadol for the treatment of acute pain in adults. Three spectrophotometric methods were efficiently applied to estimate the co-formulated Celecoxib and Tramadol in their tablets; second derivative 2D-spectrophotometry technique (method I), induced dual-wavelength technique (method II) and dual-wavelength resolution technique (method III). The proposed methods were successfully validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and statistically assessed based on the correlation coefficients, relative standard deviations as well as detection and quantitation limits. The obtained results revealed non-significant differences compared to the reported results as revealed by the variance ratio F test and Student t test. Moreover, the applied techniques were further assessed concerning their greenness based on the analytical eco-scale method revealing an excellent green scale with a final score of 95. The proposed spectrophotometric techniques could be applied for the routine analysis and quality control of the studied drugs in their dosage form.